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Quantum Game Theory: Transforming Nash Equilibrium Through Superposition, Entanglement, and Interference

易先 周

Published Jul 10, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In classical game theory, players are limited to deterministic strategies or probabilistic mixed strategies. Quantum game theory introduces quantum mechanical principles—superposition and entanglement—fundamentally altering game structures and redefining Nash equilibria.
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.21293594

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Quantum game theory has emerged as a promising candidate to further the understanding of quantum correlations. Motivated by this, it is demonstrated that pure strategy Nash equilibria can be utilized as a mechanism to witness and determine quantum correlation. By combining quantum theory with Bayesian game theory, a constant-sum game is designed in which the players are competing against each other and crucially gain at the other player’s expense. Subsequently, it is found that mixed strategy Nash equilibria are only necessary when considering quantum correlation for the designed game. This reveals that a Bayesian game-theoretic framework yields a sufficient condition for detecting quantum effects.