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Physics Essays

A new paradigm shift in physics

Emory Taylor, Rajan N. Iyer

Published Jun 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper is about a new paradigm shift in physics. According to Einstein, Newton’s theory of gravity is a first approximation of general relativity, which is Einstein’s theory of gravity, in the limit, which is when gravitational fields are weak and the velocities of masses (relative to a coordinate system) are small compared to the velocity of light. Since Schrödinger was aware of de Broglie’s relation when he formulated his quantum wave mechanics, it is acceptable to enforce the application of de Broglie’s relation in Schrödinger’s quantum wave mechanics. This enforcement leads to a new paradigm shift in physics.

DOI
10.4006/0836-1398-39.2.213

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College student journal•Sep 1, 2011•0 citations
This paper is about a new paradigm shift in physics. According to Einstein, Newton’s theory of gravity is a first approximation of general relativity, which is Einstein’s theory of gravity, in the limit, which is when gravitational fields are weak and the velocities of masses (relative to a coordinate system) are small compared to the velocity of light. Since Schrödinger was aware of de Broglie’s relation when he formulated his quantum wave mechanics, it is acceptable to enforce the application of de Broglie’s relation in Schrödinger’s quantum wave mechanics. This enforcement leads to a new paradigm shift in physics.
In the 20th century, two new terms were added to the scientific lexicon: relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics. The challenge to the concept of the absoluteness of space and time started at the end of the 19th century and gave birth to Einstein's special relativity theory in 1905. This unified space and time to a single entity, space–time, and we have been introduced to many new concepts such as time dilation, space contraction, mass–energy relation, and the space–time continuum in relativity theory. We have also learned that the highest possible velocity in this universe is that of light and that nothing in the universe can move faster than light. Einstein's general theory of relativity took into consideration gravitation and established the chronogeometric concept of gravity. Quantum mechanics developed by Bohr, de Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, and others gave us knowledge in the atomic and subatomic domain and led to the wave–particle duality of de Broglie, the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, the wave mechanics of Schrödinger, and so forth. We have learned that three distinct chords are at the heart of quantum mechanics—granularity, relational, and indeterminism. Although quantum mechanics is a weird subject, as we will discuss, the modern physics is totally based on it.
Earlier this year (May) I wrote a paper entitled Scale Factors and the Scale Principle. In this paper I formulated a new law which describes a number of fundamental quantum mechanical laws. Since then I found that other quantum mechanical laws including the Bohr postulate and the De Broglie wavelength formula also obey the scale principle. Later I proved that this new law also describes the formula for the Schwarzschild radius, the equation for Einstein’s relativistic energy and Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Now I discovered that the Schrodinger’s equation can also be explained in terms of the present formulation.
According to De Broglie's idea of analogy, the relation between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics is similar to that between wave optics and geometric optics, we have given the quantum equation of the gravitational field intensity Eg(r⃗,t)E_g(\vec{r},t)Eg​(r,t) for matter particles, since the gravitational field intensity Eg(r⃗,t)E_g(\vec{r},t)Eg​(r,t) relatives to the particle position distribution function ψ(r⃗,t)ψ(\vec{r},t)ψ(r,t), the quantum equation convert into the Schrodinger equation. In addition, we have further studied the essence and origin of quantum theory, and obtained some new results.
The wave properties of matter in quantum mechanics first postulated by de Broglie in 1923 as well as Einstein’s theory of general relativity have radically changed our perception of the world at the beginning of the twentieth century. While each theory is extremely successful and well tested within its range of validity, a unification of both theories has so far resisted any attempt. However, the advances in precision of modern matter-wave interferometers have paved the way to designing experiments at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics. Indeed, quantum mechanical devices are on the brink of becoming sensitive enough to challenge predictions of general relativity such as the weak equivalence principle or set bounds on alternative gravitational theories. Reaching sensitivities required for these experiments necessitates a careful assessment of deleterious effects some of which might be atom-atom interactions or the influence of the gravitational potential of the laboratory setup itself. Estimation of the size of such effects calls for refined theoretical tools for the description of light-pulse atom interferometry which is the subject of the present thesis.
This paper takes a look at the two cornerstones of modern physics--Quantum Mechanics and The Theory of Relativity (Both Special and General). The differences and similarities for the two subjects are presented. More of their differences and similarities will emerge with new developments in physics. One can't rule out the possibility of the two being unified into one one fine day. That will herald another triumphant moment in physics. Introduction In 1905, Albert Einstein at the age of twenty-six formulated single-handedly, among others, the Theory of Special Relativity together with his other seminal papers on photoelectricity, Brownian motions of atoms and molecular dimensions. The year has been universally declared the Miraculous Year [1]. Ten years later, he came up with the theory of General Relativity--a new and revolutionary framework on gravity. Meanwhile in Europe a group of young physicists played pivotal role in the birth of Quantum Mechanics. Many of them went on to win Nobel prizes for their monumental contributions. Einstein also won the coveted prize not for Relativity but ironically for Photoelectric Effect. Irony has been part of physics in its history. Relativity with its weird 'Twin Paradox', constancy of the speed of light and the interchangebility between mass and energy (E=[mc.sup.2]) enthralls the public and scientists alike. It provides a way to measure particle masses [2]. The Quantum Theory has its fair share of weirdness and bewilderment. Both Quantum Mechanics and the Theory of Relativity bring forth new ideas in human thoughts. They are among Joanne Baker's 50 physics ideas [3]. Quantum Mechanics and the Theory of Relativity The quantum world where counterintuition reigns supreme is couched in uncertainty as epitomised by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Things do not behave in a deterministic way as enshrined and expected in classical Newtonian physics. The microscopic world of the electrons was dictated by randomness and indeterminacy. Albert Einstein was appalled by such dictates that he famously declared: 'God does not play dice with the universe.' The famous Danish physicist Neils Bohr sprang to his feet by saying: 'Stop telling God what to do with his dice.' The sparring between the two stalwarts in physics is legendary. According to Trefil [4], there are a couple of things that need to be said about the uncertainty principle: it does not imply that we cannot know either the position or the velocity of a particle, and it does not require the presence of a conscious mind. Marcus Chown [5] wraps up by saying 'The bitter irony, not lost on Einstein, was that he was the one who, by postulating the existence of the photon, had inadvertently set loose the genie of randomness of physics. The two theories of relativity by Einstein are not couched in randomness however. According to Smoot [6], both implied a radically new cosmology. Many people are of the opinion that with Einstein's theory of relativity, old classical physics is no more in vogue. According to Angier [7], Albert Einstein did not prove that Isaac Newton was wrong. Instead, he showed that Newton's theories of motion and gravity were incomplete, and that new equations were needed to explain the behavior of objects under extreme circumstances, such as when tiny particles travel at or near the speed of light. …