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IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Near-Field Focusing Array-Integrated Rydberg Atomic Superheterodyne Receiver with Phase-Coherent Enhancement

Y Yan, Xu Li, Yan-Qi Yi, Shaoyong Zheng, Yi-Ming Zhang

Published Apr 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/isemc70545.2026.11588884

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Abstract Ultra-wideband, miniaturized, and integrable local oscillator sources remain a key challenge for Rydberg-atom superheterodyne receivers. Here we demonstrate a 1–40 GHz Rydberg-atom receiver that uses a 76.3-mm-long, 1.6-mm-thick microstrip balun as the local oscillator. A load terminating the output port is used to enhance the balun near field and enable efficient coupling to the atoms. High-sensitivity electric field measurements based on the microstrip balun local oscillator are experimentally demonstrated at 9.94 and 19.63 GHz, achieving a lowest tested field of 0.79 and 0.49 µV/cm, respectively, compared with 0.40 and 0.39 µV/cm for a horn-antenna local oscillator. By combining resonant and off-resonant superheterodyne measurements across nine Rydberg transitions, we further demonstrate continuous-frequency electric field measurements from 1 to 40 GHz. These results establish the microstrip balun as a compact, broadband local oscillator source for integrated atomic receivers.
In recent years, electric field measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms have shown unique advantages in high sensitivity and wideband applications and miniaturization. The Rydberg atom receiver senses the electromagnetic signal using the quantum coherence effect, which overcomes the inherent defects of traditional electronic receivers in terms of thermal noise, insertion loss of microwave devices, and the use of wavelength-dependent antennas, thus providing the Rydberg atomic receivers the potential to become the next generation of microwave receivers. For some particular application scenarios such as radar and communication, superheterodyne reception is a critical technical approach, and the linear dynamic range is an essential factor in evaluating the performance of the superheterodyne receivers. It is challenging to promote the Rydberg atomic receiver without figuring out the influence of system parameters on the linear dynamic range. This paper starts with the response mechanism of the Rydberg atomic superheterodyne receiver, and a theoretical model is established to simulate the atom-microwave responses. Then the harmonics' generation mechanism is discussed, and the atomic linear dynamic range under different probe light Rabi frequencies is studied further. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the antiblocking performance of the system is proposed. This work is expected to provide theoretical guidance for the design and performance optimization of the Rydberg atomic superheterodyne receiver.
In this paper, we propose a self-superheterodyne Rydberg uniform array receiver for satellite uplink communications, in which the Doppler shift naturally induced by satellite motion is exploited to generate the intermediate-frequency signal. We first develop a near-field local oscillator (LO) synthesis model and characterize the spatially varying LO electric field across the Rydberg vapor cells. Based on a vapor-cell-center approximation, a closed-form radio frequency (RF)-to-optical conversion is derived, establishing an explicit bridge between the incident satellite signal and the LO-induced cell-level response. The derived model reveals that the programmable LO serves as an analog-domain channel-shaping mechanism by controlling the cell-level transduction gain, phase response, and phase-matching behavior. Building upon this equivalent channel model, we formulate an LO design problem that maximizes the Shannon capacity of the effective channel, and develop an efficient optimization algorithm for the LO amplitudes and phases. Simulation results demonstrate that the vapor-cell transduction can reshape the effective channel, adjust the beam-pattern alignment, and moderately reduce the inter-user correlation under suitable LO configurations. Furthermore, the proposed LO design significantly improves the achievable capacity over benchmark schemes, offering a promising self-superheterodyne Rydberg architecture for future satellite communication systems.