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IEEE Internet of Things Journal

A Physical-Layer Key Generation Method via Random Interleaver and Dual-QM Quantization in UAV Communication

L Y Zhang, Weijie Tan, Qiangqiang Gao, Chunguo Li

Published Jul 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/jiot.2026.3710276

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arXiv:2606.16644•Jun 15, 2026•0 citations
In this paper, we address physical-layer key generation between two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in flight, which are hindered by a dominant line-of-sight component (LOS) in their wireless channel. Although strong LOS component yields better error-performance in data transmission, it is well known that limited randomness in the channel variation will render the underlying physical-layer key generation algorithms ineffective. Pointing at this disadvantage, we explore a relay-based secret-key generation technique between the two UAVs, wherein a ground- stationed relay assists the two UAVs to witness a common source of randomness with higher entropy than their direct channel. We propose the Relay- Assisted Selective Inversion (RASI) protocol, which selectively offers common randomness from either of the channels from the relay to the two UAVs. To showcase the benefits of the RASI protocol, we first obtain theoretical lower bounds on the differential entropy of the common source of randomness, and subsequently employ a practical key-generation algorithm to synthesize the digital keys. We show that RASI can help the two UAVs to generate keys with higher key-rate than using the direct channel only. Finally, we also show that RASI outperforms an existing state-of-the-art relay-based method in terms of key-rate and computational complexity at the UAVs, while marginally losing to the latter in communication- overhead.
In order to enhance the secrecy transmission of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm, a novel physical-layer key generation (PLKG) efficient UAV swarm trajectory planning method is proposed in this work. Different from the existing UAV trajectory planning methods that only focus on collision avoidance, energy saving and improving transmission quality, the proposed method incorporates the PLKG capability into the UAV trajectory design. Based on the findings of the fact that the wireless scattering experienced by UAV signals from different UAV trajectories are typically distinct, the channel randomness oriented PLKG behaves differently for various UAV trajectories. As a result, we propose to incorporate the PLKG metric into the UAV trajectory planning objectives, in order to improve the secrecy of UAV swarm transmissions. The theoretical derivation between UAV swarm PLKG metric and the wireless scattering entropy is obtained, and we propose a channel entropy knowledge sharing mechanism for UAV swarm to achieve PLKG efficient swarm trajectory planning. Simulation results show that the key generation performance can be largely improved in comparison to the traditional secrecy rate maximization oriented UAV swarm trajectory planning.
With the rapid advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), ensuring the security of communication links among UAVs has become crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel physical layer key generation scheme based on channel codeword reconstruction. In UAV communications, the high mobility of aerial nodes leads to short channel coherence time, which together with noise causes inevitable channel estimation errors. These errors significantly degrades the performance of wireless channel-based key generation. Therefore, we propose a codeword construction algorithm that achieves a polarization characteristic, which effectively segregates reliable keys from unreliable ones. Compared to the existing quantization-based key generation scheme, our approach maximize the utilization of raw channel information and employ soft-decision decoding to generate key. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces the key disagreement rate for legitimate users and increases the number of consistently generated keys. Furthermore, our method ensures a lower key consistency rate for eavesdropper, which guarantees system security.