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Wireless Networks

Robust artificial noise for relay-enabled backscatter transmission systems with colluding eavesdroppers

Siyang Xu, Ze Fan, Zhixun Xiao, Xin Song

Published Jul 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11276-026-04173-9

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Backscatter communication system is the backbone of many low cost and low power distributed wireless systems. This paper studies the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a backscatter system which contains several relays and an eavesdropper. We discuss the conditions for a positive secrecy rate of the system in two different situations. First, in the case of known information of eavesdropper, we use a sub-optimal relay selection method to secure backscatter communication and maximize the secrecy rate. The simulation results prove the suboptimal scheme with low complexity achieves the same effects as the optimal one. But the transmission rate is very low due to the difference between the main channel and eavesdropper channel is too little, so we put forward the second distinctive method. Second, without knowing any information of eavesdropper, we adopt the artificial noise (AN) technique to reduce the received signal to interference noise (SINR) of eavesdropper, and came to a conclusion that under the condition of the same system model, adding a weak AN greatly improves the secrecy rate compared to situation one, and it doesn't required to obtain any information of eavesdropper. In small power of this type of communication system, this method is also effective.
By considering millimetre wave (mmWave) transmission as an effective solution for the fifth‐generation (5G) wireless communication systems, the authors propose a new optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme to maximise the instantaneous secrecy rate of a cooperative wireless network. The communication network under study is comprised of a multiple‐antennas source, a multiple‐antennas destination, a single antenna untrusted relay and single antenna passive eavesdroppers (Eves). To prevent the untrusted relay and passive Eves from overhearing the source message, a new secure transmission scheme is proposed. Based on this scheme, the destination sends an artificial noise (AN) towards the untrusted relay, and concurrently, the source is forced to dedicate part of its power to transmit AN to keep the information confidential from the Eves. For such a communication network, two cases of non‐colluding Eves (NCE) and colluding Eves (CE) are taken into account. Based on the proposed OPA, a novel closed‐form expression is presented for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) performance over mmWave channels. Next, the authors derive the high signal‐to‐noise ratio slope and power offset of the ESR to evaluate the effects of network parameters on the ESR performance. Numerical examples depict that the proposed optimised systems for both NCE and CE present superior ESR compared to other transmission policies.
We design a new relay-aided secure transmission scheme, in which a source communicates with a destination through a trusted decode-and-forward relay in the presence of spatially random-distributed non-colluding eavesdroppers. We consider a general antenna configuration, in which the source, relay, destination, and eavesdroppers are equipped with multiple antennas. We assume that both the source and the relay transmit artificial noise signals in addition to information signals. We also assume that the source and the relay adopt different codebooks, and that the transmitted signals from the source and relay are not jointly processed at each eavesdropper. We first derive a closed-form expression for the transmission outage probability and a new expression for the secrecy outage probability. Notably, these expressions are valid for an arbitrary number of antennas at the source, relay, and destination. We then derive simple yet valuable expressions for the asymptotic transmission outage probability and the asymptotic secrecy outage probability, which reveal the secrecy performance when the number of antennas at the source grows sufficiently large. Using our expressions, we quantify a practical performance metric, namely, the secrecy throughput, under a secrecy outage probability constraint. We further determine the system and channel parameters that maximize the secrecy throughput, leading to analytical security solutions suitable for real-world deployment.