Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Communications in computer and information science

Building Hybrid Quantum–Classical Computing Ecosystems: A Survey

Dhanvi Bharadwaj, Yuewen Hou, Alexander Knapen, Gino Kwun, Nikolai Zhitkov, Gokul Subramanian Ravi

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-95-7829-0_13

Related papers

Qubernetes: Towards a unified cloud-native execution platform for hybrid classic-quantum computing

Vlad Stirbu, Otso Kinanen, Majid Haghparast +1 more

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations beyond what the current computers are capable of implies better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks. However, to benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a unified execution model that addresses the challenges that emerge from building hybrid classical-quantum applications at scale. Following the Design Science Research methodology, we proposed a convention for mapping quantum resources and artifacts to Kubernetes concepts. Then, in an experimental Kubernetes cluster, we conducted experiments for scheduling and executing quantum tasks on both quantum simulators and hardware. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed platform Qubernetes (or Kubernetes for quantum) exposes the quantum computation tasks and hardware capabilities following established cloud-native principles, allowing seamless integration into the larger Kubernetes ecosystem. The quantum computing potential cannot be realized without seamless integration into classical computing. By validating that it is practical to execute quantum tasks in a Kubernetes infrastructure, we pave the way for leveraging the existing Kubernetes ecosystem as an enabler for hybrid classical-quantum computing.

arXiv:2408.01436•Information and Software Technology•Jul 26, 2024•30 citations

Toward Design and Implementation of a Quantum-Classical Hybrid Computing System

Shota Arakaki, Masao Hirokawa, Hiroki Watanabe

•Jan 1, 2025•2 citations

Quantum Computing: Rethinking Computation Beyond Classical Limits

Nishant Tripathi

•Jan 1, 2025•0 citations

Comprehensive overview of quantum serverless: Elastic integration of quantum and classical computing

Dimitar Mileski, Marjan Gušev, Sasko Ristov

Quantum computing is increasingly accessed through cloud-based hybrid environments, but practical adoption depends on more than exposing remote quantum backends. It also requires managed abstractions for orchestrating classical and quantum stages, handling queues, binding backends, and integrating surrounding workflow logic. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Quantum Serverless from that perspective. Our contribution is twofold: (1) we consolidate the key architectural components of Quantum Serverless into a unified reference architecture; and (2) we evaluate current industry and research offerings through a KPI-driven framework covering ecosystem coverage, service operability, queue handling, pricing flexibility, near-real-time readiness, and production maturity. Using this framework, we analyze 18 quantum cloud platforms and show that the ecosystem is growing but remains unevenly mature. Queue-based execution is already a baseline capability, whereas stronger serverless characteristics, such as Function-as-a-Service, Containers-as-a-Service, near-real-time responsiveness, and production readiness, remain limited. Overall, current Quantum Serverless is best understood as a queue-driven hybrid orchestration model rather than a fully mature cloud-native serverless layer. The survey identifies the main maturity gaps and outlines directions for future development.

Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing•Jun 22, 2026•0 citations

QUANTUM COMPUTING: AN OVERVIEW

Mikio Nakahara

•Apr 1, 2008•7 citations

Quantum Software Ecosystem: Stakeholders, Interactions and Challenges

Vlad Stirbu, Tommi Mikkonen

Abstract The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations imply better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks than current computers provide. However, to gain benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we investigate the quantum computing ecosystem and the stakeholders involved in building larger hybrid classical-quantum systems. In addition, we discuss the challenges that are emerging at the horizon as the field of quantum computing becomes more mature.

Lecture notes in business information processing•Jan 1, 2024•1 citation
The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations beyond what the current computers are capable of implies better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks. However, to benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a unified execution model that addresses the challenges that emerge from building hybrid classical-quantum applications at scale. Following the Design Science Research methodology, we proposed a convention for mapping quantum resources and artifacts to Kubernetes concepts. Then, in an experimental Kubernetes cluster, we conducted experiments for scheduling and executing quantum tasks on both quantum simulators and hardware. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed platform Qubernetes (or Kubernetes for quantum) exposes the quantum computation tasks and hardware capabilities following established cloud-native principles, allowing seamless integration into the larger Kubernetes ecosystem. The quantum computing potential cannot be realized without seamless integration into classical computing. By validating that it is practical to execute quantum tasks in a Kubernetes infrastructure, we pave the way for leveraging the existing Kubernetes ecosystem as an enabler for hybrid classical-quantum computing.
Quantum computing is increasingly accessed through cloud-based hybrid environments, but practical adoption depends on more than exposing remote quantum backends. It also requires managed abstractions for orchestrating classical and quantum stages, handling queues, binding backends, and integrating surrounding workflow logic. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Quantum Serverless from that perspective. Our contribution is twofold: (1) we consolidate the key architectural components of Quantum Serverless into a unified reference architecture; and (2) we evaluate current industry and research offerings through a KPI-driven framework covering ecosystem coverage, service operability, queue handling, pricing flexibility, near-real-time readiness, and production maturity. Using this framework, we analyze 18 quantum cloud platforms and show that the ecosystem is growing but remains unevenly mature. Queue-based execution is already a baseline capability, whereas stronger serverless characteristics, such as Function-as-a-Service, Containers-as-a-Service, near-real-time responsiveness, and production readiness, remain limited. Overall, current Quantum Serverless is best understood as a queue-driven hybrid orchestration model rather than a fully mature cloud-native serverless layer. The survey identifies the main maturity gaps and outlines directions for future development.
Abstract The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations imply better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks than current computers provide. However, to gain benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we investigate the quantum computing ecosystem and the stakeholders involved in building larger hybrid classical-quantum systems. In addition, we discuss the challenges that are emerging at the horizon as the field of quantum computing becomes more mature.