A collaborative workshop by the QUBIP and PQ-REACT EU projects at the ETSI Quantum Conference, exploring Europe's transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). This session will showcase state-of-the-art strategies, infrastructure, and real-world pilots designed to facilitate a seamless PQC migration.
PQ-REACT focuses on novel developments in cryptography and cybersecurity, the project aims to fortify the European Union's position in this critical domain. With the advent of quantum computing, the security of current public key cryptography is under threat. The PQ-REACT project's primary objective is to design, develop, and validate a framework that facilitates a swift transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography. This transition is a complex endeavor, complicated by the diversity and scale of existing computer systems serving our society. PQ-REACT addresses several challenges, including the assessment of existing technology infrastructures, cryptographic agility, validation of new post-quantum algorithms, coexistence of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography, and the legal aspects of post-quantum mitigation. PQ-REACT's ambition is to create a secure and seamless post-quantum future for digital communication and critical applications, where innovative cryptographic solutions thrive and safeguard our interconnected world.
Public key cryptography is nowadays a crucial component of global communications which are critical to our economy, security and way of life. The quantum computers are expected to be a threat and the widely used RSA, ECDSA, ECDH, and DSA cryptosystems will need to be replaced by quantum safe cryptography. The main objective of the HORIZON Europe PQ-REACT project is to design, develop and validate a framework for a faster and smoother transition from classical to quantum safe cryptography for a wide variety of contexts and usage domains that could have a potential interest for defence purposes. This framework will include Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) migration paths and cryptographic agility methods and will develop a portfolio of tools for validation of post quantum cryptographic systems using Quantum Computing. A variety of real-world pilots using PQC and Quantum Cryptography, i.e., Smart Grids, 5G and Ledgers will be deployed to validate the defined framework.
The imminent emergence of quantum computers poses unprecedented challenges to the current cryptographic standards that secure vital digital communications and data worldwide. This paper addresses the vulnerabilities of existing cryptographic systems susceptible to quantum-based attacks and emphasizes a dedicated transition plan to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We first examine the current state of cryptographic practices, highlight the quantum threat, and present the framework and need for PQC. In addition, a comprehensive strategy is presented that encompasses the identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery phases and integrates PQC into existing security infrastructures, specifically the Cybersecurity Framework Version 2.0 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Methods and technologies discussed include the development of robust PQC algorithms, tools for their large-scale implementation, and hybrid cryptographic systems that combine traditional and quantum-resistant techniques. Practical implementations on various hardware and software platforms are also presented in case studies that provide real-world insight into the challenges and innovations in using PQC. We conclude with a discussion of hybrid approaches, regulatory considerations, and recommendations derived from early adopters to guide future efforts to create a quantum-resilient digital landscape.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic systems, necessitating a transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) to ensure secure digital infrastructures. This research investigates the role of PQC-enhanced blockchain solutions in securing critical applications such as network slicing, authentication, and service-level agreement (SLA) monitoring. As part of the PQ-REACT project, quantum-resistant ledgers are employed to maintain tamper-proof records, ensuring data integrity and compliance in multi-domain environments. The study further demonstrates how context-aware cryptographic selection enables efficient resource allocation, mitigating the computational costs associated with PQC.
As quantum computing advances, current cryptographic protocols are increasingly vulnerable to quantum attacks, particularly those based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) like RSA or Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). This paper presents a comprehensive review of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as a solution to protect digital systems in the quantum era. We provide an in-depth analysis of various quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, including lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, isogeny-based, and multivariate approaches. The review highlights the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC standardization process, highlighting key algorithms, such as CRYSTALS–Kyber, CRYSTALS–Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+, and discusses the strengths, vulnerabilities, and implementation challenges of the leading algorithms. In addition, we explore transition strategies for organizations, emphasizing hybrid cryptography to ensure backward compatibility during migration. This study offers key insights into the future of cryptographic standards and the critical steps necessary to prepare for the transition from classical to quantum-resistant systems.