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Physics Letters A

Continuous-variable quantum teleportation in uniform fast-fading channels

Teng Wang, Weimin Yang, Jian Zhou, Ying Guo, Guangqiang He

Published Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131950

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We investigate the performance of several continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols in the presence of uniform fading channels. These are lossy channels whose transmissivity changes according to a uniform probability distribution. We assume the worst-case scenario where an eavesdropper induces a fast-fading process, where she chooses the instantaneous transmissivity while the remote parties may only detect the mean statistical effect. We analyze coherent-state protocols in various configurations, including the one-way switching protocol in reverse reconciliation, the measurement-device-independent protocol in the symmetric configuration, and its extension to a three-party network. We show that, regardless of the advantage given to the eavesdropper (control of the fading), these protocols can still achieve high rates under realistic attacks, within reasonable values for the variance of the probability distribution associated with the fading process.
Free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on atmospheric laser communications is expected to play an important role in the global continuous-variable quantum key distribution network. The practical homodyne detector model is applied in free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution which models the imperfect characteristics including the detection efficiency and the electronic noise. In the conventional model, we must calibrate them simultaneously. In the modified model, only one of the imperfections needs to be calibrated to simplify the calibration process of the practical experiments, also known as one-time calibration. The feasibility of the modified detector model against the fast-fading channel is proved. The results of the symmetry operations are considered when presenting detailed security analysis. Some remarkable features of the uniform fast-fading channel were found from the simulation results. The performances of the conventional model and the modified model are similar but the modified model has the advantage of achieving one-time calibration.
Abstract This paper presents a theoretical benchmark analysis of selected two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols over fast-fading channels. For uniformly fluctuating transmissivity, a non-CSI benchmark treatment evaluates the mutual information term at the worst transmissivity and averages Eve’s information over the fading distribution. Closed-form asymptotic key-rate formulas are derived for specific two-way protocols in the large-modulation regime. The framework also applies to CSI-enabled averaging and truncated log-normal weak-turbulence fading. Numerical results show that, within the adopted ideal asymptotic setting, the evaluated two-way RoR 2 benchmark retains a broader positive-key-rate region than the corresponding one-way RoR benchmark under uniform non-CSI fading. CSI-enabled averaging and the weak-turbulence extension further characterize the behavior of the selected two-way benchmarks under different channel-knowledge and fading conditions. Overall, these results characterize the performance of the selected two-way protocols across the adopted fast-fading benchmark settings.