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Resolution Dissipation in Ising Susceptibility Series: A Twenty-First Century Reanalysis of Confluent Singularities

Michael George

Published Jun 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.22862.83528

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We have extended the series for the zero-field susceptibility of the spin-$s$ Ising model through tenth order in the reduced inverse temperature $K$ on the square, triangular, simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic lattices. The series coefficients ${h}_{n}(s)$ are expressed as simple polynomials in $X=s(s+1)$. Using extended methods of analysis we have estimated the nature of the leading singularities on the face-centered lattice and conclude with good confidence that the susceptibility exponent ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ equals 1.25, independent of $s$. The exponent of the leading correction term is estimated to be ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ in good agreement with renormalization-group theory. For $s=\frac{1}{2}$ only, the amplitude of the confluent correction apparently vanishes. We have also studied the leading singularities on the triangular lattice and conclude that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}=\frac{7}{4}$, independent of $s$, with, however, much stronger corrections than in three dimensions. These results provide a very strong corroboration of the universality hypothesis.

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Martin V. Ferer, Michael J. Velgakis

We analyze the 21st-order series of Nickel for the susceptibility and the correlation length of the spin-$s$ Ising model for the bcc lattice with the use of an unbiased method of confluent singularity analysis tailored to the loose-packed lattices. This modified five-fit method of analysis assumes a parametrization which includes one confluent correction, e.g., for the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}={\mathrm{At}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}(1+{\mathrm{Bt}}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}})$, where $t=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}$. The method determines sequences for these five parameters, e.g., ${\mathrm{lim}}_{n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}=\ensuremath{\gamma}$, by equating five consecutive even or odd coefficients in the perturbation series with the five corresponding coefficients in the expansion of the assumed parametrization and by solving the five equations for the five parameters numerically. Our analysis of the spin-$s$ Ising-model series shows that the indices $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}$ are smaller than indicated by early analysis on shorter series and that the confluent correction is apparently not significant for spin-\textonehalf{}, validating the use of ratio methods for the spin-\textonehalf{} series. Considering the results of both the confluent singularity analysis and the standard analysis of the spin-\textonehalf{} series, we estimate $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.242 (+0.003, \ensuremath{-}0.005)$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}=1.268(+0.006, \ensuremath{-}0.008)$, in basic agreement with renormalization-group calculations, hyperscaling, and the biased analysis of Nickel's series. Test-function analysis demonstrates the reliability of the method. Estimates for the leading index represent a significant improvement over older methods, e.g., the ratio method. Estimates for the correction exponent and amplitude are consistently high, presumably because the method must try to have one correction mimic all the corrections to the leading singularity.

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Series analysis of corrections to scaling for the spin-pair correlations of the spin- s Ising model: Confluent singularities, universality, and hyperscaling

William J. Camp, D. M. Saul, John P. VAN DYKE +1 more

We report a detailed study of twelve-term, high-temperature series for the second moment of spin-pair correlations ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)$ and the specific heat ${c}_{H}(t)$ of the nearest-neighbor spin-$s$ Ising model in zero magnetic field on the fcc lattice. Near criticality we find ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)={A}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\gamma}+2\ensuremath{\nu})}[1 + {B}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}}+ \ensuremath{\cdots}]$, {$t(s)=\frac{[T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}(s)]}{T}$}, showing a confluent correction to the dominant scaling singularity. To within uncertainties the exponents have the universal (i.e., spin-independent) values $\ensuremath{\nu}={0.638}_{\ensuremath{-}0.008}^{+0.002}$ (with $\ensuremath{\gamma}={1.250}_{\ensuremath{-}0.007}^{+0.003}$) and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}=0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$. The confluent exponent ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ is in reasonable agreement with the correction-to-scaling index derived from earlier analysis of the susceptibility, as predicted by renormalization-group arguments. A similar analysis of the specific heat ${c}_{H}$ for the same model finds no detectable confluent singularities in rather noisy, high-temperature series and gives $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.125\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ in general confirmation of earlier $s=\frac{1}{2}$ estimates. With $\ensuremath{\nu}$ as quoted above the hyperscaling relation $d\ensuremath{\nu}=2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at $d=3$ requires $\ensuremath{\alpha}={0.086}_{\ensuremath{-}0.006}^{+0.024}$ so the validity of hyperscaling remains problematical.

Physical review. B, Solid state•Nov 1, 1976•91 citations

The Ising Susceptibility Scaling Function

Y. Chan, Anthony John Guttmann, B. G. Nickel +1 more

arXiv:1012.5272•Journal of Statistical Physics•May 20, 2011•34 citations
We have extended the series for the zero-field susceptibility of the spin-sss Ising model through tenth order in the reduced inverse temperature KKK on the square, triangular, simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic lattices. The series coefficients hn(s){h}_{n}(s)hn​(s) are expressed as simple polynomials in X=s(s+1)X=s(s+1)X=s(s+1). Using extended methods of analysis we have estimated the nature of the leading singularities on the face-centered lattice and conclude with good confidence that the susceptibility exponent ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ equals 1.25, independent of sss. The exponent of the leading correction term is estimated to be ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ in good agreement with renormalization-group theory. For s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ only, the amplitude of the confluent correction apparently vanishes. We have also studied the leading singularities on the triangular lattice and conclude that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}=\frac{7}{4}$, independent of sss, with, however, much stronger corrections than in three dimensions. These results provide a very strong corroboration of the universality hypothesis.
We analyze the 21st-order series of Nickel for the susceptibility and the correlation length of the spin-sss Ising model for the bcc lattice with the use of an unbiased method of confluent singularity analysis tailored to the loose-packed lattices. This modified five-fit method of analysis assumes a parametrization which includes one confluent correction, e.g., for the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}={\mathrm{At}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}(1+{\mathrm{Bt}}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}})$, where $t=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}$. The method determines sequences for these five parameters, e.g., ${\mathrm{lim}}_{n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}=\ensuremath{\gamma}$, by equating five consecutive even or odd coefficients in the perturbation series with the five corresponding coefficients in the expansion of the assumed parametrization and by solving the five equations for the five parameters numerically. Our analysis of the spin-sss Ising-model series shows that the indices $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}$ are smaller than indicated by early analysis on shorter series and that the confluent correction is apparently not significant for spin-\textonehalf{}, validating the use of ratio methods for the spin-\textonehalf{} series. Considering the results of both the confluent singularity analysis and the standard analysis of the spin-\textonehalf{} series, we estimate $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.242 (+0.003, \ensuremath{-}0.005)$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}=1.268(+0.006, \ensuremath{-}0.008)$, in basic agreement with renormalization-group calculations, hyperscaling, and the biased analysis of Nickel's series. Test-function analysis demonstrates the reliability of the method. Estimates for the leading index represent a significant improvement over older methods, e.g., the ratio method. Estimates for the correction exponent and amplitude are consistently high, presumably because the method must try to have one correction mimic all the corrections to the leading singularity.
We report a detailed study of twelve-term, high-temperature series for the second moment of spin-pair correlations ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)$ and the specific heat cH(t){c}_{H}(t)cH​(t) of the nearest-neighbor spin-sss Ising model in zero magnetic field on the fcc lattice. Near criticality we find ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)={A}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\gamma}+2\ensuremath{\nu})}[1 + {B}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}}+ \ensuremath{\cdots}]$, {$t(s)=\frac{[T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}(s)]}{T}$}, showing a confluent correction to the dominant scaling singularity. To within uncertainties the exponents have the universal (i.e., spin-independent) values $\ensuremath{\nu}={0.638}_{\ensuremath{-}0.008}^{+0.002}$ (with $\ensuremath{\gamma}={1.250}_{\ensuremath{-}0.007}^{+0.003}$) and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}=0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$. The confluent exponent ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ is in reasonable agreement with the correction-to-scaling index derived from earlier analysis of the susceptibility, as predicted by renormalization-group arguments. A similar analysis of the specific heat cH{c}_{H}cH​ for the same model finds no detectable confluent singularities in rather noisy, high-temperature series and gives $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.125\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ in general confirmation of earlier s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ estimates. With $\ensuremath{\nu}$ as quoted above the hyperscaling relation $d\ensuremath{\nu}=2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at d=3d=3d=3 requires $\ensuremath{\alpha}={0.086}_{\ensuremath{-}0.006}^{+0.024}$ so the validity of hyperscaling remains problematical.