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Quantum Fisher Information as a Spectral Entanglement Witness: the Projective Stability Gap and the Origin of Scale-Free Growth

Jérôme Beau

Published Jun 28, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A recent inelastic-neutron-scattering experiment on the heavy-fermion strange metal $\mathrm{Ce}_3\mathrm{Pd}_{20}\mathrm{Si}_6$ reports a scale-free increase of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) density as the strange-metal state forms, witnessing high multipartite entanglement. We ask whether this signature is reproduced by the non-injective projection framework of Cosmochrony, and we isolate the structural condition under which it is. We first reduce the QFI density to the projective spectral data: using linear response, the QFI density is a weighted integral of the imaginary part of the dynamical susceptibility, whose infrared behaviour is controlled by the projective stability gap ${\Delta_\Pi}$ and the edge spectral weight of the projective stability operator ${L_\Pi}$. This yields a clean dichotomy. A finite gap forces the QFI density to saturate; a gap that closes with an anomalous edge density of states of exponent $a$ forces ${f_Q}(T)\sim T^{1-a}$, so that scale-free growth requires $a>1$. We then evaluate the two ingredients by exact diagonalisation. The single winding sector $w=2$ reduces to the critical almost-Mathieu (Harper) operator at flux $2/q$; its gap closes as ${\Delta_\Pi}\sim q^{-1}$ but its edge spectral dimension is $d_s\to 2$, giving $a\to 1$, the marginal boundary, hence only logarithmic growth. The full Cayley substrate of ${\mathrm{Heis}_3(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})}$, whose homogeneous growth dimension is $D=4$, instead has an edge spectral dimension $d_s\approx 4$, giving $a\approx 2$ and ${f_Q}(T)\sim T^{-1}$, a genuine power law. The conclusion is structural: in this framework the scale-free QFI growth is a property of the full nilpotent substrate and not of any isolated composite, consistent with the collective, multipartite character of the measured entanglement. The required thermal closure ${\Delta_\Pi}(T)\sim T$ is obtained at the level of the effective heat-kernel response: the framework identifies the diffusion scale with inverse temperature, and the induced linear-response flow gives ${\Delta_\Pi}(T)=\tfrac{d_s}{2}T$, so that the chain from the nilpotent substrate to the linear prediction ${f_Q}(T)\sim T^{-1}$ closes within the effective response regime. The predicted exponent is of the right order but steeper than observed. Numerically, the Born–Infeld bounded-response correction can soften the effective exponent from the linear value $\alpha_{\mathrm{th}}=1$ towards the observed $\alpha_{\mathrm{exp}}\approx 0.7$, with a size-stable crossing at a partial substrate saturation. The asymptotic exponent and the saturation level realised by the material remain open.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.21001565

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Multipartite entanglement in the 1-D spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
Multipartite entanglement refers to the simultaneous entanglement between multiple subsystems of a many-body quantum system. While multipartite entanglement can be difficult to quantify analytically, it is known that it can be witnessed through the Quantum Fisher information (QFI), a quantity that can also be related to dynamical Kubo response functions. In this work, we first show that the finite temperature QFI can generally be expressed in terms of a static structure factor of the system, plus a correction that vanishes as T→0T\rightarrow 0T→0. We argue that this implies that the static structure factor witnesses multipartite entanglement near quantum critical points at temperatures below a characteristic energy scale that is determined by universal properties, up to a non-universal amplitude. Therefore, in systems with a known static structure factor, we can deduce finite temperature scaling of multipartite entanglement and low temperature entanglement depth without knowledge of the full dynamical response function of the system. This is particularly useful to study 1D quantum critical systems in which sub-power-law divergences can dominate entanglement growth, where the conventional scaling theory of the QFI breaks down. The 1D spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is an important example of such a system, and we show that multipartite entanglement in the Heisenberg chain diverges non-trivially as ∼log⁡(1/T)3/2\sim \log(1/T)^{3/2}∼log(1/T)3/2. We verify these predictions with calculations of the QFI using conformal field theory and matrix product state simulations. Finally we discuss the implications of our results for experiments to probe entanglement in quantum materials, comparing to neutron scattering data in KCuF3_33​, a material well-described by the Heisenberg chain.
Quantum Fisher information (QFI) is a measure of multipartite quantum entanglement that can be obtained from inelastic neutron scattering data on quantum magnets. In this work, we demonstrate that the QFI can distinguish an unconventional quantum critical point (QCP) with fractionalization and emergent gauge structure from conventional ones within the Landau paradigm. We compute the QFI, via large-scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations and exact diagonalization, in a kagome lattice quantum spin liquid (QSL) model with an XY and a cluster-Ising interactions. When the XY interaction is ferromagetic, the QFI obtained by QMC reveals a large anomalous dimension, which is a fingerprint of the (2+1)d XY∗^\ast∗ universality class for the transition from the ferromagnetic phase to the Z2\mathbb{Z}_2Z2​ QSL. The investigation of thermal and dynamical properties of QFI is further extended to the case of antiferromagnetic XY interaction via exact diagonalization. In this regime, a transition to a possibly distinct QSL phase is suggested via both entanglement-based probes, such as QFI and genuine multipartite negativity, and analyses of the energy spectrum and structure factors. These results not only demonstrate the versatility of QFI in identifying QSL states and unconventional QCPs but also provide useful guidance for future theoretical and experimental studies of frustrated magnets.
Strong correlations in matter promote a landscape of quantum phases and associated quantum critical points. For metallic systems, there is increasing recognition that the quantum criticality goes beyond the Landau framework and, thus, further means are needed to characterize the quantum critical fluid. Here we do so by studying an entanglement quantity, the quantum Fisher information, in a strange metal system, focusing on the exemplary case of an Anderson/Kondo lattice model near its Kondo destruction quantum critical point. The spin quantum Fisher information peaks at the quantum critical point and indicates a strongly entangled ground state. Our results are supported by the quantum Fisher information extracted from inelastic neutron scattering measurements in heavy fermion metals. Our work elucidates the loss of quasiparticles in strange metals, opens a quantum information avenue to advance the understanding of metallic quantum criticality in a broad range of strongly correlated systems, and points to a regime of quantum matter to realize amplified entanglement. Strange metals exhibit anomalous electronic and thermodynamic properties near a quantum critical point. Here the authors show theoretically that entanglement quantified by quantum Fisher information is amplified in a strange metal at a quantum critical point, which is supported by analysis of experimental data.
Multipartite-entanglement tomography, namely the quantum Fisher information (QFI) calculated with respect to different collective operators, allows to fully characterize the phase diagram of the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field with variable-range interaction. In particular, it recognizes the phase stemming from long-range (LR) antiferromagnetic interaction, a capability also shared by the spin squeezing. Furthermore, the QFI locates the quantum critical points, both with vanishing and nonvanishing mass gap. In this case, we also relate the finite-size power-law exponent of the QFI to the critical exponents of the model, finding a signal for the breakdown of conformal invariance in the deep LR regime. Finally, the effect of a finite temperature on the multipartite entanglement, and ultimately on the phase stability, is considered. In light of the current realizations of the model with trapped ions and of the potential measurability of the QFI, our approach yields a promising strategy to probe LR physics in controllable quantum systems.