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Journal of the Association for Information Systems

Quantum MIS: A Research Agenda for Post-Classical Information Systems

Muhammad Usama Islam, Foluso Ayeni

Published Aug 15, 2026• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum computing is increasingly viewed as a transformative technology for optimization, cybersecurity, analytics, simulation, and organizational decision-making (Kar et al., 2025). Yet the Management Information Systems field has not fully articulated what a quantum-informed MIS research agenda should look like. We introduce Quantum MIS (Q-MIS) as an emerging domain concerned with how organizations prepare for, adopt, govern, and create value from quantum-enabled information systems. We argue that Quantum MIS should not be understood only as the technical application of quantum computing. Rather, it should be theorized as a socio-technical transformation in which quantum capabilities interact with organizational routines, managerial cognition, governance structures, data infrastructures, and institutional readiness. We ground this agenda in three IS theoretical traditions: sociotechnical systems theory, IT capability and dynamic capabilities perspectives, and affordance theory (Larsen et al., 2025). First, drawing on sociotechnical systems theory, we argue that quantum value will emerge from aligning technology, people, tasks, structures, and organizational processes. Second, building on IT capability and dynamic capabilities perspectives, we conceptualize quantum readiness as an organizational capability involving sensing quantum opportunities, seizing viable use cases, and transforming digital infrastructures. This view aligns with prior IS research that conceptualizes IT capability as a strategic organizational resource linked to firm performance (Bharadwaj, 2000). Third, using affordance theory, we suggest that quantum technologies may create new action possibilities for optimization, simulation, security, and decision support, but these affordances will be realized only when firms possess the knowledge, resources, and governance mechanisms to actualize them. We position Quantum MIS around five research domains: quantum readiness, quantum-enabled decision systems, hybrid classical and quantum infrastructure, quantum cybersecurity governance, and the societal implications of quantum capability gaps. Our contribution is threefold. First, we define Quantum MIS and distinguish it from the technical study of quantum computing. Second, we connect quantum computing to core IS theories, showing how existing theory can guide early inquiry into post-classical information systems. Third, we outline a preliminary research agenda and practical implications for managers preparing for quantum-enabled digital transformation. As organizations experiment with quantum technologies under uncertainty, MIS scholars have an opportunity to shape the conversation before quantum technologies become mainstream (Kar et al., 2025).

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Quantum computing is increasingly viewed as a transformative technology for optimization, cybersecurity, analytics, simulation, and organizational decision-making (Kar et al., 2025). Yet the Management Information Systems field has not fully articulated what a quantum-informed MIS research agenda should look like. We introduce Quantum MIS (Q-MIS) as an emerging domain concerned with how organizations prepare for, adopt, govern, and create value from quantum-enabled information systems. We argue that Quantum MIS should not be understood only as the technical application of quantum computing. Rather, it should be theorized as a socio-technical transformation in which quantum capabilities interact with organizational routines, managerial cognition, governance structures, data infrastructures, and institutional readiness. We ground this agenda in three IS theoretical traditions: sociotechnical systems theory, IT capability and dynamic capabilities perspectives, and affordance theory (Larsen et al., 2025). First, drawing on sociotechnical systems theory, we argue that quantum value will emerge from aligning technology, people, tasks, structures, and organizational processes. Second, building on IT capability and dynamic capabilities perspectives, we conceptualize quantum readiness as an organizational capability involving sensing quantum opportunities, seizing viable use cases, and transforming digital infrastructures. This view aligns with prior IS research that conceptualizes IT capability as a strategic organizational resource linked to firm performance (Bharadwaj, 2000). Third, using affordance theory, we suggest that quantum technologies may create new action possibilities for optimization, simulation, security, and decision support, but these affordances will be realized only when firms possess the knowledge, resources, and governance mechanisms to actualize them. We position Quantum MIS around five research domains: quantum readiness, quantum-enabled decision systems, hybrid classical and quantum infrastructure, quantum cybersecurity governance, and the societal implications of quantum capability gaps. Our contribution is threefold. First, we define Quantum MIS and distinguish it from the technical study of quantum computing. Second, we connect quantum computing to core IS theories, showing how existing theory can guide early inquiry into post-classical information systems. Third, we outline a preliminary research agenda and practical implications for managers preparing for quantum-enabled digital transformation. As organizations experiment with quantum technologies under uncertainty, MIS scholars have an opportunity to shape the conversation before quantum technologies become mainstream (Kar et al., 2025).
Quantum computing has been widely presented as a future computational revolution, yet its implications for the field of information systems (IS) remain underexplored. While technical research dominates current discourse, IS scholars are only beginning to engage with the social, organizational, and managerial dimensions of this emerging technology. This study asks: What are the narratives of quantum computing present in the IS literature? Using a narrative literature review approach, I analyze 96 articles from leading IS journals and conferences. The analysis identifies 11 distinct narratives and synthesizes them into six aggregated dimensions, which together reveal how IS research is beginning to frame quantum computing. These findings contribute to clarifying the conceptual landscape, surface early theoretical tensions, and propose a research agenda for future IS inquiry into quantum technologies. This study supports IS scholars in engaging more meaningfully with quantum computing, even before its full commercial deployment.
Quantum computing promises breakthroughs in areas such as optimization and simulation but also threatens widely used cryptographic systems that secure contemporary digital infrastructures. As a result, organizations and governments are beginning to explore the opportunities and risks associated with quantum computing. Yet key questions remain regarding the current landscape of quantum computing adoption, how organizations should prepare for the inherent threat to cryptography, and who should govern the transition to quantum-safe infrastructures. This panel brings together leading scholars from information systems and cybersecurity to discuss these issues from technological, organizational, and governance perspectives. The discussion aims to clarify emerging adoption patterns, explore strategies for preparing for post-quantum cryptography, and identify implications for the governance of future digital infrastructures.
The rapid development of quantum computing is one of the most transformative technological developments of the twenty-first century with profound implications for cybersecurity, digital governance and the future of secure communication systems. Traditional cryptographic infrastructures have fundamentally underpinned digital trust in banking, healthcare, defense, cloud computing, and global communication networks, but the advent of quantum computational power has led to increasing concern about the future of existing standards for encryption. This qualitative study critically examines the changing relationship between quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography through an analysis of the technological, institutional, ethical and governance challenges in the transition to quantum-secure digital systems. The study adopts an interpretivist and exploratory qualitative orientation that aims to understand how governments, cybersecurity experts, technology institutions and policy frameworks are responding to the disruptive potential of quantum technologies. Data were collected using thematic analysis of academic literature, cybersecurity policy documents, archival technological reviews, expert commentaries, institutional reports, and emerging case studies related to the development of quantum-resistant cryptography. The results show that quantum computing presents serious threats to existing public-key cryptographic systems, especially in terms of theoretical abilities of Shor’s algorithm and future quantum decryption models. Meanwhile, the paper outlines post-quantum cryptography as a vital avenue for safeguarding digital privacy, institutional credibility, and cybersecurity robustness in an ever more networked society. The analysis also points to ongoing challenges around technological readiness, regulatory uncertainty, global standardization, resource inequality and ethical issues around surveillance, privacy and digital sovereignty. Yet, the research points to the potential for secure digital transformation, resilient cybersecurity governance, and the re-inventing of future communication infrastructure through post-quantum innovation. The research finds that the transition to quantum-secure systems is not just a technological challenge, but a multidimensional governance and policy challenge requiring international cooperation, ethical foresight and proactive institutional change.
The management of information systems has a long-standing tradition of studying information infrastructures and the architecture of the systems they represent to understand the socio-technical phenomena in organizations (Henfridsson and Bygstad, 2013; Henningson and Eaton, 2023;Koutsikouri et al., 2018; Mehrizi et al., 2019; Rodol Modol and Eaton, 2021; Tilson et al., 2010). Systems evolve so fast that infrastructures struggle to adapt and keep the dynamic movement of the changes in systems. The existing literature shows that due to this constant change and considering the layered modular architecture of digital technologies (Yoo et al., 2010), previously launched technologies are entrenched, making novel technologies dependent on the previous ones (Rodol Modol and Eaton, 2021). However, little focus has been given to what happens when novel technologies that can’t work with the previously entrenched technologies arrive in the infrastructure, particularly when these technologies do not follow the organizing digital logic underlying digital infrastructures (e.g., quantum computing). In this extended abstract, we present the exploration of the emerging infrastructure of quantum computing and its relationship with the existing digital infrastructure in the IT industry. Using an industry database of 1132 companies working with quantum technologies, we analyzed the different architectures proposed by these. We plan to conduct a network analysis to understand the relationship between the organizations and the type of quantum computers they use. We expect to find potential trends to outline the different perspectives on developing a quantum computer, helping practitioners prepare for the upcoming quantum computer disruption. We also expect to contribute to theory by expanding the view over infrastructure, bringing a dimension that relates but goes beyond digital. We outline the main conversations in the literature we join and the expected analysis to conduct with our data. Also, expectations regarding the workshop are shared to receive feedback on further developing the article.
Quantum computing is the paradigm shift of information processing that can completely impact the conventional information technology infrastructure. Compared to classical computing systems that are based on binary logic and sequential computing, quantum computers use quantum bits, superposition and entanglement to compute complex computations faster than ever before. The present paper discusses the impact of the emergence of quantum computing on traditional IT architectures, software frameworks, data security mechanisms and enterprise computing strategies. The paper addresses the inefficiencies of mainstream infrastructure encountered by quantum-enabled capabilities, in particular, cryptography, large-scale optimization, simulation, and data analytics. Encryption standards are currently under critical consideration using the cloud models and high-performance computing to define their vulnerability and flexibility in a post-quantum world. It is also identified that the paper finds the repercussions of quantum computing in cybersecurity and the vulnerability of systems of public-key cryptography and how they are in need of expediency resolutions of quantum-resistant algorithms. In addition, the organizational and infrastructural challenges of quantum adoption, such as cost, scalability, the lack of skills, and compatibility with the legacy systems are discussed. Due to the integration of the results of the recent theoretical advances and practical studies, one can obtain a profound insight into how quantum computing is leaving the laboratory and entering the field of practical use. These results indicate that quantum computing will not necessarily eliminate the classical systems rather it will merely require a fragile re-architecturing of the IT infrastructure to provide quantum computing. The end of the paper is a strong appeal to need to have proactive policy planning, investment on post-quantum technologies and workforce preparations as the tool of providing a successful transition and technology resilience in the quantum era.
Emerging technologies have a high potential for impact and are worthy of attention by the Information Systems (IS) community. To date, the IS discipline has not been able to be a leader in the research and teaching of emerging technologies in their early stages arguably because: (1) IS researchers often lack knowledge of the foundational principles of such emerging technologies, and (2) during the emerging phase, there is insufficient data on the adoption, use, and impact of these technologies. To overcome these challenges, the IS discipline must be willing to break its own disciplinary research boundaries to go beyond software applications and their related management issues and start studying emerging technologies before they are massively adopted by industry. In this paper, we use quantum computing as an exemplar emerging technology and outline a research and education agenda that will help IS harness the opportunities quantum computing offers. We propose that IS researchers rigorously investigate emergent technologies through collaboration with researchers from other disciplines. We also see a role for IS researchers in the scholarship of emerging technologies and in the process of introducing emerging technologies into IS curricula.