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Chinese Optics Letters

Optical information encryption using general temporal ghost imaging with practical experimental conditions

Juan Wu, Xiao-Hai Zhan, Fang‐Xiang Wang, Zhen-Qiu Zhong, Shuang Wang, Wei Chen, De‐Yong He, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Zheng‐Fu Han

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/col202624.071102

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Chinese Physics B•Feb 27, 2023•7 citations
We propose an approach for the optical encryption of ghost images reconstructed from the spatially correlated classical two-beam pairs. This approach has the capability of encrypting ghost images by flexibly manipulating the position correlation of a pair of ``signal'' and ``idler'' beams. We experimentally demonstrate that the perfect ghost image can be extracted by decrypting the encrypted information of an object, in particular, our approach under eavesdropping has a higher security for encryption compared with previous approaches.
An optical encryption (OE) scheme based on the spread spectrum ghost imaging (SSGI), named as SSGI-OE, is proposed to obtain a high security with a smaller key. In the scheme, the randomly selected row number of a Hadamard matrix of order N is used as the secure key, and shared with the authorized user, Bob, through a private channel. Each corresponding row vector of the order-N Hadamard matrix is then used as the direct sequence code to modulate a speckle pattern for the ghost imaging system, and an image is encrypted with the help of the SSGI. The measurement results from the bucket detector, named as ciphertext, are then transmitted to Bob through a public channel. The illuminating speckle patterns are also shared with Bob by the public channel. With the correct secure key, Bob could reconstruct the image with the aid of the SSGI system, whereas the unauthorized user, Eve, could not obtain any useful information of the encrypted image. The numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible with a higher security and a smaller key. For the 32 × 32 pixels image, the number of bits sent from Alice to Bob by using SSGI-OE (M = 1024, N = 2048) scheme is only 0.0107 times over a computational ghost imaging optical encryption scheme. When the eavesdropping ratio (ER) is less than 40%, the eavesdropper cannot acquire any information of the encrypted image. The extreme circumstance for the proposed SSGI-OE scheme is also discussed, where the eavesdropper begins to extract the information when ER is up to 15%.