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Consistency Without a Global Clock

Tomoyuki Uchida

Published Jun 16, 2026• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper develops a distributed-systems reading of causal order, locality, and the formation of facts in a relativistic universe. It extends the interpretive framework of The Universe as a Consistency-Constrained Information History, in which physical reality is redescribed as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. The paper asks what kind of consistency structure such a history can possess if it has no privileged global clock, no instantaneous long-distance coordination, and no external coordinator. The answer is not that the universe literally runs a distributed protocol. Rather, distributed systems provide a structural vocabulary for clarifying three features of known physics: the absence of a global present, the unavailability of frame-independent global linearizability, and the formation of stable facts through decoherence, thermodynamic irreversibility, and redundant environmental recording. The main positive contribution is the Causal Consistency Convergence Argument. The privileged element is not bare causal consistency by itself, since distributed storage systems often require convergence mechanisms, object semantics, or causal+ conflict handling in addition to causal dependency preservation. What is privileged here is the causal-ordering discipline: causal predecessors must be preserved, while spacelike or otherwise concurrent events must not be forced into a privileged total order. The argument is intentionally asymmetric. Its lower bound is structural: a continuable history must preserve causal dependencies. Its upper bound is methodological: a framework that treats Lorentz invariance as a core admissibility constraint, and rejects hidden preferred foliations, must not require a privileged arbitration order over spacelike or otherwise concurrent events. Under that stated commitment, causal ordering is structurally privileged because it matches the ordering part of the physical causal structure. Nonlocal quantum correlations are treated separately as correlation constraints, not as hidden order relations. The resulting picture is neither globally serialized nor incoherent: reality is a causally ordered, locally available, and physically finalized information history. This paper is an interpretive and conceptual discussion. It does not propose a new established physical theory and makes no independent empirical prediction.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20720354

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Consistency Without a Global Clock

Tomoyuki Uchida

This paper develops a distributed-systems reading of causal order, locality, and the formation of facts in a relativistic universe. It extends the interpretive framework of The Universe as a Consistency-Constrained Information History, in which physical reality is redescribed as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. The paper asks what kind of consistency structure such a history can possess if it has no privileged global clock, no instantaneous long-distance coordination, and no external coordinator. The answer is not that the universe literally runs a distributed protocol. Rather, distributed systems provide a structural vocabulary for clarifying three features of known physics: the absence of a global present, the unavailability of frame-independent global linearizability, and the formation of stable facts through decoherence, thermodynamic irreversibility, and redundant environmental recording. The main positive contribution is the Causal Consistency Convergence Argument. The privileged element is not bare causal consistency by itself, since distributed storage systems often require convergence mechanisms, object semantics, or causal+ conflict handling in addition to causal dependency preservation. What is privileged here is the causal-ordering discipline: causal predecessors must be preserved, while spacelike or otherwise concurrent events must not be forced into a privileged total order. The argument is intentionally asymmetric. Its lower bound is structural: a continuable history must preserve causal dependencies. Its upper bound is methodological: a framework that treats Lorentz invariance as a core admissibility constraint, and rejects hidden preferred foliations, must not require a privileged arbitration order over spacelike or otherwise concurrent events. Under that stated commitment, causal ordering is structurally privileged because it matches the ordering part of the physical causal structure. Nonlocal quantum correlations are treated separately as correlation constraints, not as hidden order relations. The resulting picture is neither globally serialized nor incoherent: reality is a causally ordered, locally available, and physically finalized information history. This paper is an interpretive and conceptual discussion. It does not propose a new established physical theory and makes no independent empirical prediction.

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This paper develops a distributed-systems reading of causal order, locality, and the formation of facts in a relativistic universe. It extends the interpretive framework of The Universe as a Consistency-Constrained Information History, in which physical reality is redescribed as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. The paper asks what kind of consistency structure such a history can possess if it has no privileged global clock, no instantaneous long-distance coordination, and no external coordinator. The answer is not that the universe literally runs a distributed protocol. Rather, distributed systems provide a structural vocabulary for clarifying three features of known physics: the absence of a global present, the unavailability of frame-independent global linearizability, and the formation of stable facts through decoherence, thermodynamic irreversibility, and redundant environmental recording. The main positive contribution is the Causal Consistency Convergence Argument. The privileged element is not bare causal consistency by itself, since distributed storage systems often require convergence mechanisms, object semantics, or causal+ conflict handling in addition to causal dependency preservation. What is privileged here is the causal-ordering discipline: causal predecessors must be preserved, while spacelike or otherwise concurrent events must not be forced into a privileged total order. The argument is intentionally asymmetric. Its lower bound is structural: a continuable history must preserve causal dependencies. Its upper bound is methodological: a framework that treats Lorentz invariance as a core admissibility constraint, and rejects hidden preferred foliations, must not require a privileged arbitration order over spacelike or otherwise concurrent events. Under that stated commitment, causal ordering is structurally privileged because it matches the ordering part of the physical causal structure. Nonlocal quantum correlations are treated separately as correlation constraints, not as hidden order relations. The resulting picture is neither globally serialized nor incoherent: reality is a causally ordered, locally available, and physically finalized information history. This paper is an interpretive and conceptual discussion. It does not propose a new established physical theory and makes no independent empirical prediction.
This paper develops a distributed-systems reading of causal order, locality, and the formation of facts in a relativistic universe. It extends the interpretive framework of The Universe as a Consistency-Constrained Information History, in which physical reality is redescribed as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. The paper asks what kind of consistency structure such a history can possess if it has no privileged global clock, no instantaneous long-distance coordination, and no external coordinator. The answer is not that the universe literally runs a distributed protocol. Rather, distributed systems provide a structural vocabulary for clarifying three features of known physics: the absence of a global present, the unavailability of frame-independent global linearizability, and the formation of stable facts through decoherence, thermodynamic irreversibility, and redundant environmental recording. The main positive contribution is the Causal Consistency Convergence Argument. The privileged element is not bare causal consistency by itself, since distributed storage systems often require convergence mechanisms, object semantics, or causal+ conflict handling in addition to causal dependency preservation. What is privileged here is the causal-ordering discipline: causal predecessors must be preserved, while spacelike or otherwise concurrent events must not be forced into a privileged total order. The argument is intentionally asymmetric. Its lower bound is structural: a continuable history must preserve causal dependencies. Its upper bound is methodological: a framework that treats Lorentz invariance as a core admissibility constraint, and rejects hidden preferred foliations, must not require a privileged arbitration order over spacelike or otherwise concurrent events. Under that stated commitment, causal ordering is structurally privileged because it matches the ordering part of the physical causal structure. Nonlocal quantum correlations are treated separately as correlation constraints, not as hidden order relations. The resulting picture is neither globally serialized nor incoherent: reality is a causally ordered, locally available, and physically finalized information history. This paper is an interpretive and conceptual discussion. It does not propose a new established physical theory and makes no independent empirical prediction.
This paper is the thirty-first in a sequence developing an interpretive framework that redescribes physical reality as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of independently existing objects. It is the third panel — the capstone — of the eighth grouping, a foundational-physics trilogy. Its subject is spacetime localization: where and when a record or system is — its position, orientation, relative phase, and time. The claim is that localization is real but not authoritatively global. There is no Global Frame: no physically privileged reference system that fixes absolute location and orientation, a privileged global simultaneity, a classical frame standing outside quantum theory, and one physically privileged, globally valid perspectival gauge-fixing. Localization is relational: positions and times are defined relative to a declared quantum reference frame (QRF), itself a quantum system that may be superposed and entangled with what it localizes (Giacomini, Castro-Ruiz, & Brukner, 2019; Loveridge, Miyadera, & Busch, 2018). What keeps this objective rather than subjective is a strict typing of cross-frame comparison: a single gauge-invariant relational (Dirac) observable has one invariant prediction, its perspectival representations intertwined by a frame-change map (case A); distinct relational observables form a relationally consistent web (case B); and where two frames share no common refinement their claims are declared incomparable (case C). "Objective" means invariance of the physical predictions under the declared symmetry group and the frame-change groupoid over the admissible frame family, to a declared tolerance — never frame-independence in an absolute sense. The flagship R-A is a dynamics-independent kinematic existence witness: a finite-dimensional discrete-ring model exhibits one physical state and two admissible ideal QRFs under which the localization profile and the entanglement structure differ — a sharp product relative to one particle; an entangled state with a delocalized, mixed marginal relative to another — while the distribution of the same relational observable is preserved. R-B splits into a domain covariance on shared refinements (ideal QRFs compose and agree on shared Dirac predictions) and a model-dependent global-perspective obstruction: where a globally valid relational gauge-fixing fails, as in known Gribov-type models (Vanrietvelde, Höhn, & Giacomini, 2023), no single perspective covers the whole physical state space — which is neither the same as, nor a consequence of, the absence of a privileged frame, and does not preclude a perspective-neutral description. R-C places Paper 8's relational time as the time-translation special case, with its finite-resolution-clock, conditional-covariance, and record–clock qualifications, separating the retired claim (no global clock) from the deferred one (relativistic foliation with dynamical geometry). R-D identifies and transports the frame-representable localization sector of certain Paper-30 grains, partially discharging that paper's grain-coherence deferral while leaving interaction, fragmentation, redundancy, and history-family structure grain-relative. This completes the trilogy's dismantling of the Global Bookkeeper while keeping geometry fixed: the quantum-mechanics–gravity interface is prepared, not entered. Localization is frame-relative but objective: no absolute frame, no globally gauge-fixed perspective claimed beyond what models establish, and no anarchy. ALAC Paper 31. Third panel (capstone) of the eighth grouping — a foundational-physics trilogy (29 Public Quantum Records -> 30 Classicality Without a Global Classicalizer -> 31 Spacetime Localization Without a Global Frame). Part of the Consistency-Constrained Information History (Akashic Ledger Architecture Cosmology) series. Presents no new quantum mechanics; results are interpretive (L2) on imported physics (L1).
This paper is the thirty-fourth in a sequence developing an interpretive framework that redescribes physical reality as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of independently existing objects. It is the capstone (third panel) of the ninth grouping — the quantum-mechanics–gravity interface trilogy (32 Quantum Geometry → 33 Records Backreacting on Geometry → 34 Causal Structure Without a Global Order) — and closes that trilogy. Its core physics is the process-matrix framework (Oreshkov, Costa, & Brukner, 2012), with the quantum switch (Chiribella et al., 2013) as the worked instance and causal (non)separability as the central classification. When the order of operations is quantum-controlled — and, at the interface, when geometry is superposed so different branches carry different causal graphs — the temptation is to posit a hidden definite global total order behind the indefiniteness. The thesis is that there is no Global Causal Sequencer; P1 is a declared architectural commitment, not a theorem, and a rival that posits a deeper definite order underwriting the indefiniteness is acknowledged but declined architecturally. R-A: indefinite operational order is not causal inconsistency or a closed loop — a coherent superposition of order components is causally nonseparable (witness-certifiable; note that witness-based nonseparability and causal-inequality violation are not equivalent, and the quantum switch need not violate a causal inequality) yet a valid, consistent process. R-B (restricted to controlled-order processes such as the quantum switch, or any process with a declared physically recorded order-control observable): recording the order-control does not by itself produce a determinate order — one must distinguish the coherent control, the decohered-but-unconditioned causally separable mixture, and the conditioned record-relative effective order — only the last is determinate, and only relative to a recorded value and the declared parameter chi, whose order-control basis is an admissible decoherence-stable pointer basis/algebra (not an arbitrary rotation). R-C: causal structure is profile-valued, CausalProf = (d_order, d_interv, d_record, d_valid, d_family, d_arrow), with a process-validity (not graph-acyclicity) component and an independent record-arrow component from Paper 9's arrow package. R-D (the novelty witness): effective order is provenance-gradable — a matched pair of histories with identical audited world-side order records but different provenance yields different warranted standing (OrderStandProf). R-E: a conservative-before-radical discipline works indefinite operational order first, then a minimal superposed-causal-graph bridge on Paper 32's identity fibers, separating an identity disposition from an order disposition; full quantization of the causal relation is flagged, not claimed. This retires the Global Causal Sequencer and closes the interface trilogy; no causal loops, no retrocausal signaling, no revived global order, no quantum-gravity completion. Presents no new physics; results are interpretive (L2) on imported physics (L1).
This paper is the third in a sequence developing an interpretive framework that redescribes physical reality as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. The parent framework, The Universe as a Consistency-Constrained Information History, argued that the constitutive core of auditability is not a bureaucratic log but record definiteness: the existence of stable, reproducible, path-independent commitments. The companion paper, Consistency Without a Global Clock, refined observation into a three-stage process—interaction, commitment, and finality—and identified finality with redundant, environmentally distributed, and independently recoverable recording. The present paper joins these two threads. Its question is narrow and structural. Decoherence and environment-induced superselection explain commitment: why local interference becomes practically irreversible and why stable pointer states emerge. They do not, by themselves, explain public finality: why a committed fact can be confirmed by many mutually independent parties, non-disturbingly and repeatably, as the same fact. The organizing distinction of the paper is therefore decoherence ≠ finality. A private microscopic correlation can be committed locally at low redundancy, yet fail to be a publicly shared fact. What such public finality additionally requires is the object of the analysis. The argument runs through three steps that lean on established results rather than new mechanisms. First, the no-broadcasting theorem implies that noncommuting quantum information cannot be distributed as-is to many parties; consequently, any value that many independent accessors can recover non-disturbingly must be effectively classical pointer information. Second, spectrum broadcast structure supplies the canonical form of such redundant environmental encoding, and quantum Darwinism supplies its dynamical mechanism. Third, if public finality in a given context requires m mutually independent accessors, acting on disjoint environmental fragments, to recover a committed fact within an information deficit δ, then the available environmental redundancy must satisfy a demand-side lower bound Rδ ≥ m. This is not a prediction of how much redundancy the world realizes; the realized amount is supplied by physics. It is a statement about the minimum redundancy a record must carry to count as publicly final. The thesis is summarized as an Auditability–Redundancy Principle: redundancy is not an accidental ornament of objectivity; it is the physical form that decentralized auditability must take. The paper supplies no new mechanism for redundancy, does not derive the Born rule, does not solve the measurement problem, and does not claim that redundancy is universal. In no-collapse readings, the facts discussed here are branch-relative or decoherent-history-relative. The status of the paper is L2, a necessity/convergence claim, while its formal engine rests on established L1 results.
AbstractLoophole-free Bell experiments have conclusively demonstrated that non-local correlations are a fundamental property of physical reality. Within the Minkowskian framework of Special Relativity (SRT), the relativity of simultaneity renders the temporal ordering of spacelike-separated events inherently frame-dependent. This creates a conceptual inconsistency for any ontologically realist interpretation of quantum mechanics: if measurement outcomes correspond to objective physical events, then the absence of a preferred foliation leads unavoidably to contradictory causal histories or retrocausal influences. In this work, we formulate a Conditional No-Go Theorem showing that Ontological Realism, Linear Causality, and Fundamental Lorentz Invariance cannot all hold simultaneously. Preserving a coherent causal structure therefore requires relinquishing Lorentz invariance as a primitive spacetime symmetry. We propose Absolute Simultaneity Theory (AST), a framework in which Lorentz covariance emerges thermodynamically from a quantum vacuum treated as a structured medium in equilibrium. Drawing on analogies with condensed-matter systems—particularly Volovik’s superfluid vacuum paradigm—we show that a preferred rest frame, plausibly identified with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) frame, is fully compatible with the empirical success of SRT. In AST, local Lorentz symmetry arises as a stability condition of the underlying vacuum dynamics rather than as a fundamental geometric postulate. This reconceptualization allows quantum non-locality and relativistic kinematics to coexist within a unified, time-ordered ontology.
This paper presents an interpretive framework that redescribes discussions in quantum measurement, decoherence, holography, ER=EPR, traversable wormholes, cosmological natural selection, and the simulation hypothesis through the vocabulary of information architecture. The central proposal is to describe physical reality as a causally consistent history of information updates rather than primarily as a collection of objects independently existing within spacetime. Spacetime, matter, and observers are treated as effective representations through which this history becomes experientially accessible under locality, light-speed constraints, conservation laws, and decoherence. The framework uses the metaphor of the “Akashic Ledger” for this history and “Custodian” for the constraint structure that prevents inconsistent updates. Observation is redescribed as commitment: an effectively irreversible environmental interaction through which information becomes redundantly recorded and practically unavailable for reversal. The paper classifies its claims into four levels—metaphor, consistent redescription, speculative hypothesis, and narrative extension—in order to distinguish physically grounded interpretations from speculative or fictional components. The paper’s main contribution is the Governance Convergence Argument, which interprets constraints such as No-FTL, Base Integrity, containment, auditability, and resource boundedness as attractor-like conditions for any long-lived, consistently continuable information history. The framework offers no independent empirical predictions at this stage and is therefore not a physical theory. It is best understood as a conceptual and philosophical model that provides a consistency-engineering vocabulary for questions about quantum measurement, emergent spacetime, holography, black hole information, and speculative cosmology.