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Acta Physica Sinica

Ground states and elementary excitations of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a Zeeman lattice

LIU Keyan, Yujie Zhao, Cheng Haiyu, Dai Ting, 何华鑫 He Huaxin

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

本文系统研究了一维塞曼晶格中拉曼诱导自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态性质及其元激发。通过分析单粒子能带结构,揭示了晶格势与自旋轨道耦合之间的竞争如何导致准动量分布的非平庸重构,并发现准动量随拉曼耦合强度演化过程中呈现显著的复归行为,同时阐明了布里渊区边界处由对称性保护的能带简并机制。在考虑多体相互作用时,结合变分方法与Gross-Pitaevskii方程,系统刻画了包括带边态、单动量布洛赫态、条纹态及带中心态在内的完整基态相图。进一步基于Bogoliubov-de Gennes理论计算元激发谱,并获得对应的密度与自旋结构因子。上述结果为理解人造规范场中超冷原子体系的量子相变及其集体激发提供了理论依据。

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20260641

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本文系统研究了一维塞曼晶格中拉曼诱导自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态性质及其元激发。通过分析单粒子能带结构,揭示了晶格势与自旋轨道耦合之间的竞争如何导致准动量分布的非平庸重构,并发现准动量随拉曼耦合强度演化过程中呈现显著的复归行为,同时阐明了布里渊区边界处由对称性保护的能带简并机制。在考虑多体相互作用时,结合变分方法与Gross-Pitaevskii方程,系统刻画了包括带边态、单动量布洛赫态、条纹态及带中心态在内的完整基态相图。进一步基于Bogoliubov-de Gennes理论计算元激发谱,并获得对应的密度与自旋结构因子。上述结果为理解人造规范场中超冷原子体系的量子相变及其集体激发提供了理论依据。
本文研究环形周期势中SU(3)自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系,探究长程软核相互作用对系统基态拓扑与自旋有序结构的调控机理.针对中心势垒环形周期势,无软核相互作用时体系自发形成周期环状结构,伴随涡旋晶格产生,引入长程软核相互作用后,部分基态结构中会生成环形畴壁,将自旋均匀畴与自旋密度波区域空间分隔.针对中心势阱环形周期势,无软核相互作用时体系中心呈现低密度区域,随自旋相互作用由反铁磁型过渡至铁磁型,系统基态由连续亮环结构转变为离散波包构型.体系引入软核相互作用后,强阻塞半径可形成有序涡旋阵列.当长程软核相互作用在多体竞争中占据主导时,能够有效抑制SU(3)自旋-轨道耦合效应,使凝聚体基态密度分布趋于均匀平滑,自旋纹理排布更规整统一.同时,本文揭示了四类物理效应如何共同决定体系各类基态物态.
Since the first experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in a spin-orbit-coupled Zeeman lattice, a wide range of applications have been found in these systems. Here, we systematically study the ground-state phase diagram of the systems. The spin-orbit-coupled Zeeman lattice generates multiple energy minima in the lowest Bloch band. These minima may locate at Brillouin-zone edges and center, or inside the Brillouin zone. Interacting atoms condensing into these minima constitute ground-state quantum phases. Among these phases, the band-edge condensation states have no analog in either spin-orbit-coupled homogeneous systems or lattice systems without the spin-orbit coupling. They exist in a very broad parameter regime of the spin-orbit-coupled Zeeman lattice system. We address superfluidity of the band-edge states by analyzing their elementary excitations and superfluid fraction.