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International Conference on Signal, Systems, and Computing for Next-Gen Automation (ICSSCNA)

Performance of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Dementia Disease

Rajneesh Kumar, S. Aisha Siddika, M. Ram Kumar

Published May 4, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dementia is a brain disorder which affects the human memory, behavior and cognitive abilities. The person affected with dementia is unable to perform daily activities. So, there is a need of a model which identifies the Dementia. Many researchers have designed machine learning and deep learning models which uses MRI, clinical data, and medical imaging. The existing models take much time to provide the decision. The Quantum mechine learning algorithm will greatly reduce the execution time. A Quantum Dementia Classification (QDC) model is designed to predict the Dementia disease. The QDC model achieved the accuracy of 95 %. Early detection of Dementia disease can help the doctor to provide more appropriate treatment. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient Quantum Dementia Classification (QDC) model for accurate and early prediction of dementia using clinical and cognitive features. Index Terms-Dementia, Quantum Machine Learning, Quantum Dementia Classification, Prediction.

DOI
10.1109/icsscna68616.2026.11546939

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Dementia is a brain disorder which affects the human memory, behavior and cognitive abilities. The person affected with dementia is unable to perform daily activities. So, there is a need of a model which identifies the Dementia. Many researchers have designed machine learning and deep learning models which uses MRI, clinical data, and medical imaging. The existing models take much time to provide the decision. The Quantum mechine learning algorithm will greatly reduce the execution time. A Quantum Dementia Classification (QDC) model is designed to predict the Dementia disease. The QDC model achieved the accuracy of 95 %. Early detection of Dementia disease can help the doctor to provide more appropriate treatment. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient Quantum Dementia Classification (QDC) model for accurate and early prediction of dementia using clinical and cognitive features. Index Terms-Dementia, Quantum Machine Learning, Quantum Dementia Classification, Prediction.
Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegerative disorder that affects memory of a person and also the day to day activities of them. Normally, Alzheimer’s disease can be identified by using the MRI scans which consist of high dimensional data. Traditional machine learning models are filed to give higher accuracy while diagnosing the disease. Quantum technologies plays a vital role and its emerging technologies that produce higher accuracy compared to traditional models. In this study we provide a comprehensive review of quantum technology such as Quantum Machine Learning (QML), Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) and Hybrid Quantum Models. Key factors of this study include early identification of Alzheimer’s disease by utilizing the higher dimension of data like MRI images. Further, this article focuses on the application, limitations such as hardware constraints and scalability of clinical decision support system.
Alzheimer’s is a progressive and degenerative brain disorder causing impairment in memory and cognitive function. It is the most common form of Dementia and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with each decade of life. This usually starts in late middle age to old age resulting in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation and changes in personality. Neurons are first lost in the hippocampus (the brain’s centre for memory and learning), and presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid cells. Owing to the progressive nature of the disease and the complex structure of the brain, the exact causes, mechanisms and how Alzheimer’s spread is not completely understood thereby inhibiting in the production of a cure for the disease. Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a promising area of research for the detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. PET scan helps in diagnosing Alzheimer’s by detecting the amyloid plaques and tau tangles. It reveals areas with reduced metabolism, which helps differentiate Alzheimer’s from other conditions. Quantum computing provides a more efficient model for different disease classification tasks than classical machine learning approaches. In this study, we propose a model based on quantum machine learning classifiers to classify Alzheimer’s disease. This showcases the feasibility of Quantum enhanced classification and detection of AD for extremely limited medical datasets.
Early detection of dementia is a key requirement for effective patient management. Therefore, classification of dementia is pertinent and requires a highly accurate methodology. Deep learning (DL) models process immense amounts of input data, whereas quantum machine learning (QML) models use qubits and quantum operations to enhance computational speed and data storage through algorithms. QML is a research domain that investigates the interactions between quantum computing concepts and machine learning. A quantum computer reduces training time and uses qubits that play a vital role in learning complex imaging patterns, unlike convolutional kernels. The proposed study focused on imaging data and QML because they are more efficient and accurate than ML/DL for practical applications. Therefore, a hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural network (QCNN) is proposed that integrates both quantum and classical learning paradigms. In the proposed framework, MRI images are pre-processed through resizing and normalization, followed by the extraction of a region of interest (ROI) from the center of each image. Within the ROI, a 2×2 patch is passed to a quantum circuit, where pixel values are encoded as qubits using rotation gates (RY). A parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) with entangling layers computes expectation values to generate a quantum feature map, which is then utilized as input to the classical CNN. To further improve generalization, a knowledge distillation (KD) framework is employed, where a teacher model (a deeper CNN with high representational capacity) guides a student model (the QCNN), transferring soft-label information via a temperature-scaled softmax. This setup enables the student model to learn more discriminative features while maintaining efficiency. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on benchmark ADNI-1, ADNI-2, and OASIS-2 MRI datasets, and results are reported both with and without KD. Without KD, the QCNN achieves strong performance with accuracies of 0.9523 (ADNI-1), 0.9611 (ADNI-2), and 0.9412 (OASIS-2). With KD, the student model demonstrates enhanced sensitivity to challenging classes, achieving an accuracy of up to 0.9978, surpassing state-of-the-art approaches. Combining quantum feature extraction with teacher-student knowledge transfer yields a scalable and highly accurate framework for dementia classification in clinical practice.
Quantum machine learning is a new research field combining quantum information science and machine learning. Quantum computing technologies appear to be particularly well-suited for addressing problems in the health sector efficiently. They have the potential to handle large datasets more effectively than classical models and offer greater transparency and interpretability for clinicians. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that mostly affects elderly people, causing important cognitive impairments. It is the most common cause of dementia and it has an effect on memory, thought, learning abilities and movement control. This type of disease has no cure, consequently an early diagnosis is fundamental for reducing its impact. The analysis of handwriting can be effective for diagnosing, as many researches have conjectured. The DARWIN (Diagnosis AlzheimeR WIth haNdwriting) dataset contains handwriting samples from people affected by Alzheimer’s disease and a group of healthy people. Here we apply quantum AI to this use-case. In particular, we use this dataset to test classical methods for classification and compare their performances with the ones obtained via quantum machine learning methods. We find that quantum methods generally perform better than classical methods. Our results pave the way for future new quantum machine learning applications in early-screening diagnostics in the healthcare domain.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) first affects the brain parts that are associated with learning. It is one of the most prevalent forms of Dementia. Its early diagnosis is crucial for properly managing the disease treatment because it is chronic and irreversible. This paper introduces a holistic approach to achieve early detection of AD using the hippocampus and transfer learning. Here we have compared the results from the classical machine learning model – Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) model. QSVM - a quantum variant of standard SVM algorithm. It is developed using techniques such as quantum kernel estimation in quantum computing for more efficient processing of high-dimensional data than standard SVMs.. The most common symptoms of Alzheimer’s are loss of memory and cognitive impairment. This stems from the destruction and death of nerve cells in the brain related to memory. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition between normal brain function and Alzheimer’s. From the prodromal MCI stage, it progresses gradually to dementia. Several studies show that Alzheimer’s develops at a rate of 10–15% per year from MCI. The early identification of patients with MCI may halt/delay the progression from MCI stage to Alzheimer’s. The results with the precision of 0.85 with the QSVM compared to the precision of 0.78 and recall of 1.00 compared to the 0.89 with the traditional SVM shows that our technique of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is very useful in Alzheimer’s early diagnosis.
Alzheimer's disease affects our thinking and behavior. It is one of the types of dementia. It initially affects the brain’s learning regions. Since the disease is both progressive and irreversible, early diagnosis is vital for effective treatment management. This research presents a comprehensive, end-to-end approach for early detection of Alzheimer’s by focusing on the hippocampus and leveraging transfer learning. The study compares the performance of a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) with that of a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM). Findings suggest that QCNN is more efficient at handling high-dimensional data compared to QSVM. Alzheimer's disease is mainly defined by the deterioration of memory and cognitive abilities, which results from the degeneration and death of neurons that play a crucial role in memory function. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which sits between normal cognitive function and Alzheimer’s, offers a critical window for early intervention. Diagnosing MCI early may help delay or even prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s. The results of our experiment show that the QCNN model achieved a precision of 0.88, recall of 0.96, and an accuracy of 0.59. In contrast, the QSVM model recorded a precision of 0.85, recall of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.85. These findings indicate that both quantum machine learning models demonstrate strong potential and complement each other in performance.