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Macroscopic Suppression of Supersonic Quantum Transport

Marius Lemm

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.15496/publikation-121789

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We consider a broad class of strongly interacting quantum lattice gases, including the Fermi-Hubbard and Bose-Hubbard models. We focus on macroscopic particle clusters of size θN, with θ∈(0,1) and N the total particle number, and we study the quantum probability that such a cluster is transported across a distance r within time t. Conventional effective light cone arguments yield a bound of the form exp(vt-r). We report a substantially stronger bound exp[θN(vt-r)], which provides exponential suppression that scales with system size. Our result establishes a universal dynamical large deviation principle: macroscopic suppression of supersonic macroscopic transport (MASSMAT).
We calculate the effect of quantum noise in supersonic transport of Bose-Einstein condensates. When an obstacle obstructs the flow of atoms, quantum fluctuations cause atoms to be scattered incoherently into random directions. This suppresses the propagation of Cherenkov radiation, creating quantum turbulence and a crescent of incoherent atoms around the obstacle. We observe similar dynamics if the BEC is stirred by a laser beam: crescents of incoherent atoms are emitted from the laser's turning points. Finally, we investigate supersonic flow through a disordered potential, and find that the quantum fluctuations generate an accumulation of incoherent atoms as the condensate enters the disorder.
Abstract We consider in this work the different possible stationary flows of a one-dimensional quantum fluid in the mean-field regime. We focus on the supersonic regime where a transition from a time-dependent flow to a stationary diffractive flow occurs at a given critical velocity. We give nonperturbative results for this critical velocity in the presence of a localised obstacle of arbitrary size and strength. In addition, we discuss the existence of superfluid-like solution in the supersonic regime due to resonant transport and provide a complete map of the different regimes of stationary transport of a quantum fluid.