Based on the Threshold Chain Reaction Hypothesis, we construct a complex field equation with a nonlinear threshold term and perform numerical simulations of electron double-slit interference. Results show: when the threshold parameter is extremely high (never triggered), the equation reduces to the linear Schrödinger equation, faithfully reproducing standard quantum interference fringes; as the threshold decreases, fringe visibility declines continuously; at very low thresholds, interference vanishes completely, leaving only the single-slit diffraction envelope. This model provides a quantitatively tunable quantum-classical transition mechanism without requiring environmental coupling, offering a new perspective on the quantum measurement problem.
Based on the Threshold Chain Reaction Hypothesis, we construct a complex field equation with a nonlinear threshold term and perform numerical simulations of electron double-slit interference. Results show: when the threshold parameter is extremely high (never triggered), the equation reduces to the linear Schrödinger equation, faithfully reproducing standard quantum interference fringes; as the threshold decreases, fringe visibility declines continuously; at very low thresholds, interference vanishes completely, leaving only the single-slit diffraction envelope. This model provides a quantitatively tunable quantum-classical transition mechanism without requiring environmental coupling, offering a new perspective on the quantum measurement problem.
The double‑slit experiment epitomizes the wave–particle duality of quantum mechanics. In standard treatments, the interference pattern follows from superposition, while measurement of “which path” destroys coherence. The precise mechanism that turns a coherent superposition into a localized detection event remains an open question. We propose an operator‑based model within the open‑quantum‑system framework that describes the entire process through seven effective Lindblad generators: fluctuating diffusion (initial wavepacket spreading), cyclic reset (quantum Zeno effect), spatial‑mode splitting (simultaneous excitation of both slits), free evolution (interference formation), liminal projection (threshold‑activated measurement), irreversible loss (detector inefficiency), and subspace mapping (projection onto a definite detection outcome). Unlike standard quantum mechanics, the model introduces a nonlinear decoherence rate that depends on the spatial spread of the wavefunction, capturing environment back‑action through a feedback‑controlled coupling. This dependence leads to a small but testable reduction of fringe visibility with increasing particle flux or wavepacket width, even in the absence of explicit which‑path measurement. The measurement activation is modeled as a smooth threshold function, giving a sharp transition in detection probability as the system reaches the screen. Analytical expressions for visibility and the critical Zeno frequency are derived, and numerical simulations are presented. The predictions are accessible with current experimental technology (weak measurements, controlled decoherence, cavity‑QED systems). The framework suggests that wave–particle duality can be understood as a dissipative phase transition, bridging foundational quantum theory with practical open‑system control.
The mainstream quantum mechanics uses “probability wave superposition and single-electron self-interference” to explain electron single-slit and double-slit diffraction. This theory deviates from the essential nature of real particle interactions and has fundamental logical flaws. The electron is a negatively charged real particle with a definite physical size and high-frequency transverse oscillation; a single real particle has no physical basis for self-interference. Abandoning the abstract probability wave hypothesis, this paper establishes a complete real-interaction model including electrostatic repulsion deflection, surface electron exchange, collision scattering, microscopic refraction, and barrier diffraction, based on the three-dimensional random transverse oscillation and charge repulsion of electrons. The model uniformly explains the real formation mechanism of electron single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference fringes. This paper proves that in single-electron sequential emission, each electron passes through only one slit; all bright and dark fringes are the statistical result of multiple microscopic interactions between electrons and slit walls or the central barrier. The disappearance of fringes under observation is caused by external disturbance to the inherent oscillation and wall-interaction equilibrium, not by wave function collapse. This paper further clarifies that whether an electron can pass through a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude directly corresponds to slit width and is the core controlling variable of diffraction. Meanwhile, if no slit is placed, electrons flying directly to the screen produce no diffraction or interference fringes, proving that electrons themselves have no self-interference ability. Fringes are generated by slit structures, not by intrinsic wave interference of electrons. This study corrects the century-long misunderstanding of electron diffraction and establishes a new microscopic diffraction mechanism consistent with classical real-particle physics.
When individual particles pass through a double slit, a fringe pattern appears on a screen. If an observer detects the path of the particle, the interference fringes disappear. This is called the quantum decoherence. In this paper, we discuss a parameter estimation problem using the quantum decohenrece in the double-slit experiment. As a simple model, we consider a massive scalar field interacting with the particle which have passed through the double slit. The scalar field, as well as the observer, can induce the loss of the fringe pattern of the particle. Because the interference fringes of the particle depend on the field mass and coupling, we can estimate the field parameters from the fringes. For qualitative analysis, we introduce the interferometric visibility of the fringe pattern and the Fisher information (FI) matrix of the field mass and coupling. Using the fringe pattern observed on the distant screen, we derive a simple relation between the visibility and the FI matrix. Also if we focus on FI of the mass, then we find that FI characterizes the wave-particle duality in the double-slit experiment.
This preprint presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of quantum interference patterns in double-slit experiments under relativistic conditions. The study examines how quantum decoherence manifests across three distinct relativistic regimes (β=0.01, β=0.53, and β=0.999) using the GKSL (Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad) dephasing model. The paper demonstrates that as particles approach light speed, the visibility of interference fringes decreases dramatically due to increased quantum decoherence, with visibility dropping from approximately 1.0 at low velocities to 0.33 at β=0.999. This work contributes to our understanding of the interplay between quantum mechanics and special relativity, with implications for quantum information processing and fundamental physics.
This manuscript presents a deterministic boundary-phase model of the double-slit experiment. In this framework, particles follow continuous, definite trajectories while interference arises from structured curvature induced by slit boundary microstructure. The wavefunction is treated as a mathematical representation of a real boundary-generated field rather than a physical matter wave.The model preserves established interference results while introducing a falsifiable experimental prediction: coherent fringe displacement scaling with engineered slit roughness. For a baseline electron configuration (100 eV beam energy, 1 m screen distance, 1 µm slit separation), a measurable 2 µm fringe shift requires a relative phase offset of approximately 0.10 radians, corresponding to the coupling condition β_eff(δ/r) ≈ 0.10.A quantitative δ-sweep prediction is provided along with explicit experimental control requirements necessary to distinguish coherent boundary-phase displacement from conventional scattering or electrostatic effects. If the predicted scaling is observed under controlled conditions, the double-slit paradox can be resolved deterministically without invoking intrinsic randomness or wavefunction collapse.This work is presented as a falsifiable experimental proposal in quantum foundations and electron interferometry.
This paper provides a quantitative, fully deterministic resolution to the double-slit measurement paradox within the Layered Sluice Framework. By modeling the slit as an elastic membrane with two mouths under local field tension, we eliminate the necessity of metaphysical observer-constructs. We demonstrate that the transition from a distributed wave pattern to a localized trajectory is governed strictly by non-vanishing commutator dynamics ([V̂, P̂path] ≠ 0) driving the path-coupling parameter over a critical material threshold (\eta^\star). Finally, we propose a concrete, falsifiable material experiment to differentiate this structural electro-mechanical threshold model from standard informational environment-induced decoherence.