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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Quantum thermal-machine efficiency and quantum-information dynamics in a two-qubit cavity system with Stark shifts and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction

Hachem Tarif, Nada Ikken, Abdallah Slaoui, Rachid Ahl Laamara

Published Jun 8, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between heat transport and quantum-information dynamics is a challenging task in quantum thermodynamics, particularly for few-qubit systems, where coherence and correlations can vary strongly with energy exchange processes. In this context, we investigate the interplay between heat transport and quantum-information dynamics in a two-qubit system coupled to a single-mode cavity field in the presence of Stark shifts and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. Extending the Jaynes–Cummings model to include anisotropic inter-qubit exchange, we obtain an exact analytical solution for the system dynamics, enabling a unified characterization of quantum coherence, quantum discord, and thermal transport. Using the two-qubit system as the working medium of a quantum Otto cycle, we analyze time-dependent heat currents, efficiency, and refrigerator performance. Our results show that the Ising coupling J z enhances dissipative heat exchange with the single-photon reservoirs. At the same time, the inter-qubit coupling J xy and DM interaction D z provide effective control over both thermodynamic and quantum-informational behavior. In addition, a strong Stark shift significantly improves the refrigerator coefficient of performance. We further demonstrate that quantum coherence and quantum discord exhibit distinct dynamical responses to system parameters, highlighting their different roles in quantum thermal machines. These findings point to the role of structured spin–field interactions in optimizing both thermodynamic performance and quantum-information processing in the hybrid light–matter interaction.

DOI
10.1364/josab.599714

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Understanding the relationship between heat transport and quantum-information dynamics is a challenging task in quantum thermodynamics, particularly for few-qubit systems, where coherence and correlations can vary strongly with energy exchange processes. In this context, we investigate the interplay between heat transport and quantum-information dynamics in a two-qubit system coupled to a single-mode cavity field in the presence of Stark shifts and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction. Extending the Jaynes–Cummings model to include anisotropic inter-qubit exchange, we obtain an exact analytical solution for the system dynamics, enabling a unified characterization of quantum coherence, quantum discord, and thermal transport. Using the two-qubit system as the working medium of a quantum Otto cycle, we analyze time-dependent heat currents, efficiency, and refrigerator performance. Our results show that the Ising coupling J z enhances dissipative heat exchange with the single-photon reservoirs. At the same time, the inter-qubit coupling J xy and DM interaction D z provide effective control over both thermodynamic and quantum-informational behavior. In addition, a strong Stark shift significantly improves the refrigerator coefficient of performance. We further demonstrate that quantum coherence and quantum discord exhibit distinct dynamical responses to system parameters, highlighting their different roles in quantum thermal machines. These findings point to the role of structured spin–field interactions in optimizing both thermodynamic performance and quantum-information processing in the hybrid light–matter interaction.
In this paper, we consider a heat engines composed of two interactional qubits with spin-orbit interaction (Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)) subject to an external magnetic field, so that each qubit is coupled with cold or hot source. One intention of this work is to investigate the following question: is it possible the effects of DM lead to improve basic thermodynamic quantities in this heat engine are coupled to local environments that are not necessarily at equilibrium? Moreover, we study whether or not quantum correlations can be helpful in the performance of quantum work engines. For this end, we investigate the effects of the temperature and the interaction rate of each qubit with its surrounding environment on quantum correlations such as quantum coherence and quantum discord and quantum entanglements, as well as the generated work. Finally we compare three quantum correlations (entanglement, discord, and coherence) with thermodynamic parameters and show that the output work is positive for what values of the magnetic field so that this cycle can be considered as a thermal machine.
Abstract In this paper, we consider a heat engines composed of two interactionalqubits with spin-orbit interaction (Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM)) subjectto an external magnetic field, so that each qubit is considered as a cold orhot source. One intention of this work is to investigate the following question: is it possible the effects of DM lead to improve basic thermodynamicquantities in this heat engine are coupled to local environments that arenot necessarily at equilibrium? For this end, we investigate the effects ofthe temperature and the interaction rate of each qubit with its surrounding environment on quantum correlations such as quantum coherence andquantum discord and quantum entanglements, as well as the generatedwork. Finally we compare three quantum correlations (entanglement, discord, and coherence) with thermodynamic parameters and show that theoutput work is positive for what values of the magnetic field so that thiscycle can be considered as a thermal machine.
We investigate a quantum thermal machine composed of two qubits coupled through a Raman-induced exchange interaction and driven by inhomogeneous transition frequencies. The system is analyzed within Carnot, Otto, and Stirling thermodynamic cycles, including the Stirling cycle with and without regeneration. We identify the conditions under which the device operates as a heat engine, refrigerator, thermal accelerator, or heater. Efficiency maps and operational-mode diagrams reveal well-defined boundaries in parameter space, governed by the frequency ratio r=ωˉ/ωr=\barω/ωr=ωˉ/ω, the coupling strength ggg, and the thermal gradient between reservoirs. The Carnot cycle exhibits sharp transitions between engine and refrigerator regimes, while the Otto cycle displays a richer structure with the coexistence of all operational modes. The Stirling cycle shows enhanced versatility and performance, particularly when assisted by a regenerator, where near-ideal efficiencies are achieved. Overall, the Raman-type interaction introduces a controllable left-right asymmetry that enables nontrivial manipulation of thermodynamic behavior through frequency tuning.
The connection between quantum entanglement and quantum refrigerators is an active area in quantum thermodynamics. Ongoing investigations are exploring how entanglement in the working medium of a quantum refrigerator can impact its performance. The paper focuses on a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ spin-[Formula: see text] system featuring Kaplan–Shekhtman–Entin-Wohlman–Aharony (KSEA) and Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) spin–orbit exchange interactions as the operational physical matter medium for a quantum refrigerator. We provide explicit formulations for relevant thermodynamic quantities of the quantum refrigerator, dependent on the magnetic field (B) and the strengths parameters of spin–orbit interactions. The study explores the relationship between entanglement and thermodynamic properties, using concurrence as a quantitative metric of thermal entanglement. The results emphasize the significant impact of fine-tuning the amplitudes of both DM and [Formula: see text] strengths on improving the quantum refrigerator’s performance. Finally, the findings suggest that entanglement between the qubits is superfluous for enhancing the quantum refrigerator’s efficiency.
We investigate the energetic and thermodynamic performance of an interacting two-qubit system serving as both a quantum battery and a quantum Otto heat engine. The working medium is described by an anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian supplemented by a dipolar interaction, a symmetric spin--orbit interaction, and an external magnetic field. Within a unified microscopic framework, we first analyze a coherent unitary charging protocol and characterize the resulting energy-storage performance through the ergotropy, anti-ergotropy, charging power, storage capacity, and ℓ1\ell_1ℓ1​-norm of quantum coherence. We investigate the effects of the dipolar interaction, temperature, and magnetic field on these quantities. We then employ the same working medium in a quantum Otto cycle and study the absorbed and released heat, net work, and thermodynamic efficiency as functions of the magnetic-field modulation, dipolar interaction, and temperature bias. A direct comparison between the two protocols reveals a pronounced contrast in their response to the dipolar interaction. In the investigated parameter regime, increasing the dipolar interaction substantially enhances the maximum ergotropy and storage capacity of the quantum battery, whereas the maximum work extracted per Otto cycle decreases. The Otto efficiency exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the dipolar interaction while remaining below the Carnot bound. These results demonstrate that an enhancement of quantum energy-storage capability does not necessarily imply an enhancement of heat-to-work conversion. Our findings highlight the complementary nature of quantum batteries and quantum heat engines and show how microscopic spin interactions can be used to control different forms of quantum energy conversion within the same physical platform.
Recently, the influences of the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interaction on the performances of the basic thermo-dynamical quantities have attracted a lot of attention. A large number of investigations on the quantum coupling systems with DM interaction have been carried out. However, the specific effects of spin-orbit coupling with the performance on the quantum heat engine have not been taken into account in previous studies. DM interaction is a special kind spin-orbit coupling. To enrich the research of the quantum heat engines, the investigation about the effect of DM interaction on its thermodynamic characteristics should be included. In this study, we construct two entangled quantum engines based on spin-1/2 systems with different DM interactions, with the spin exchange constant and magnetic field fixed. The quantum Otto engine and the quantum Stirling engine are discussed in this article. By numerical calculation, we obtain the expressions for several thermodynamic quantities and plot the isoline maps of the variation of the basic thermodynamic quantities such as heat transfer, work with D1 and D2 and their efficiency in the two engines. The results indicate that the DM interaction plays an important role in the thermodynamic quantities for the quantum Otto engine and the quantum Stirling engine. In addition, the positive work condition is discussed with different DM interactions, with the spin exchange constant and magnetic field. Furthermore fixed, it is found that the efficiency of quantum Otto engine cycle is smaller than the Carnot efficiency while the quantum Stirling cycle can exceed the Carnot efficiency by using the regenerator. Finally, the second law of thermodynamics is shown to be valid in the two entangled quantum systems.