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45-Degree Silver Mirror for Broadband Optical Coupling to Ion Traps

Kasinath S. V., Viswas Sadasivan

Published Jun 8, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Conventional ion traps rely on bulky free-space optics or integration of grating couplers under the electrodes. The grating couplers are narrow-band components, necessitating four different couplers, each individually aligned, focused, and routed. This work presents a single waveguide with a broadband 45° angled mirror acting as an antenna. This structure demonstrated optical coupling from 422 nm to 1092 nm, suitable for Sr+ ion trap systems, with a gain of up to 15.51 to 16.59 dB. The broadband response demonstrated here helps to replace the commonly used four grating couplers and feed waveguides with a single set.

DOI
10.6084/m9.figshare.32602835

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Conventional ion traps rely on bulky free-space optics or integration of grating couplers under the electrodes. The grating couplers are narrow-band components, necessitating four different couplers, each individually aligned, focused, and routed. This work presents a single waveguide with a broadband 45° angled mirror acting as an antenna. This structure demonstrated optical coupling from 422 nm to 1092 nm, suitable for Sr+ ion trap systems, with a gain of up to 15.51 to 16.59 dB. The broadband response demonstrated here helps to replace the commonly used four grating couplers and feed waveguides with a single set.
Trapped ions provide a high-fidelity platform for quantum information processing, yet delivery of multiple, distinct wavelengths across large networks of interaction zones remains a bottleneck. Conventional free-space light delivery lacks scalability, while on-chip grating couplers suffer from narrow operational bandwidth that increases circuit footprint and optical interfacing complexity. Here we show a broadband photonic integrated circuit capable of addressing individual ions. The circuit combines a planar waveguide lens with a micromirror fabricated using two-photon polymerization at wafer scale. This implementation can address three individual ions from λλλ = 405 - 880 nm with -27 dB average intensity crosstalk at 5 μm5\,μ\mathrm{m}5μm pitch. We trap 40Ca+^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}40Ca+ and 138Ba+^{138}\mathrm{Ba}^{+}138Ba+ ions above such devices, characterize optical crosstalk with barium ions, and demonstrate individual repumping of calcium ions. This monolithic photonic architecture brings broadband addressing in an on-chip modality to trapped-ion technology. More generally, integrating additive manufacturing into quantum devices is poised to unlock expanded design space for implementing novel quantum architectures.
Monolithic integration of control technologies for atomic systems presents a promising route to the development of quantum computers and portable quantum sensors. Trapped atomic ions form the basis of high-fidelity quantum information processors and high-accuracy optical clocks, but currently rely on free-space optics for ion control, limiting portability and scalability. Here we demonstrate a surface-electrode ion trap which delivers all wavelengths required for ionization, cooling, coherent operations, and quantum-state preparation and detection of Sr+^{+}+ qubits using integrated waveguides and grating couplers. Laser light from the violet to the infrared is coupled onto the chip via an optical-fiber array, creating an inherently stable optical path that we use to demonstrate qubit coherence resilient to platform vibrations. This demonstration of CMOS-compatible integrated-photonic surface-trap fabrication, robust packaging, and enhanced qubit coherence represents a key advance in the development of portable trapped-ion quantum sensors and clocks, and it lights the way toward the complete, individual control of larger numbers of ions in quantum information processing systems.
Abstract Monolithic integration of control technologies for atomic systems is a promising route to the development of quantum computers and portable quantum sensors1–4. Trapped atomic ions form the basis of high-fidelity quantum information processors5, 6 and high-accuracy optical clocks7. However, current implementations rely on free-space optics for ion control, which limits their portability and scalability. Here we demonstrate a surface-electrode ion-trap chip8, 9 using integrated waveguides and grating couplers, which delivers all the wavelengths of light required for ionization, cooling, coherent operations and quantum state preparation and detection of Sr+ qubits. Laser light from violet to infrared is coupled onto the chip via an optical-fibre array, creating an inherently stable optical path, which we use to demonstrate qubit coherence that is resilient to platform vibrations. This demonstration of CMOS-compatible integrated photonic surface-trap fabrication, robust packaging and enhanced qubit coherence is a key advance in the development of portable trapped-ion quantum sensors and clocks, providing a way towards the complete, individual control of larger numbers of ions in quantum information processing systems.