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Physical Review Letters

Spectrally Uniform Continuous-Variable Quantum Microcombs

Kangkang Li, Yue Wang, Ze Wang, Xin Zhou, Jincheng Li, Yinke Cheng, Binyan Wu, Qihuang Gong, Bei‐Bei Li, Qi‐Fan Yang

Published Jun 3, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators provide compact, frequency-multiplexed sources of entangled modes for integrated quantum information processing. Although deterministic Kerr-induced two-mode squeezing has been demonstrated on chip, achieving uniform squeezing across a large number of mode pairs remains a central challenge. Here we establish the conditions required for spectrally uniform squeezing and experimentally realize a vacuum-state CV quantum microcomb by combining a microresonator with an engineered single-family mode structure and optimized pump conditions. The device generates 14 independent two-mode squeezed states over a 0.7 THz bandwidth, each exhibiting more than 4 dB of raw squeezing, with a maximum of 4.3 dB. This uniform, high-performance quantum resource represents a key step toward scalable, integrated CV quantum technologies operating beyond classical limits.

DOI
10.1103/vjtv-2prg

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Continuous-variable (CV) quantum microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators provide compact, frequency-multiplexed sources of entangled modes for integrated quantum information processing. Although deterministic Kerr-induced two-mode squeezing has been demonstrated on chip, achieving uniform squeezing across a large number of mode pairs remains a central challenge. Here we establish the conditions required for spectrally uniform squeezing and experimentally realize a vacuum-state CV quantum microcomb by combining a microresonator with an engineered single-family mode structure and optimized pump conditions. The device generates 14 independent two-mode squeezed states over a 0.7 THz bandwidth, each exhibiting more than 4 dB of raw squeezing, with a maximum of 4.3 dB. This uniform, high-performance quantum resource represents a key step toward scalable, integrated CV quantum technologies operating beyond classical limits.
Quantum microcombs generated in high-Q microresonators provide compact, multiplexed sources of entangled modes for continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. While deterministic generation of CV states via Kerr-induced two-mode squeezing has been demonstrated, achieving spectrally uniform squeezing remains challenging because of asymmetry and anomalies in the dispersion profile. Here we overcome these limitations by combining a microresonator with an engineered mode spectrum and optimized pump conditions. We realize a CV quantum microcomb comprising 14 independent two-mode squeezed states, each exhibiting more than 4 dB of raw squeezing (up to 4.3 dB) across a 0.7 THz bandwidth. This uniform, high-performance quantum resource represents a key step toward scalable, integrated CV quantum technologies operating beyond classical limits.
The optical microresonator-based frequency comb (microcomb) provides a versatile platform for nonlinear physics studies and has wide applications ranging from metrology to spectroscopy. The deterministic quantum regime is an unexplored aspect of microcombs, in which unconditional entanglements among hundreds of equidistant frequency modes can serve as critical ingredients to scalable universal quantum computing and quantum networking. Here, we demonstrate a deterministic quantum microcomb in a silica microresonator on a silicon chip. 40 continuous-variable quantum modes, in the form of 20 simultaneously two-mode squeezed comb pairs, are observed within 1 THz optical span at telecommunication wavelengths. A maximum raw squeezing of 1.6 dB is attained. A high-resolution spectroscopy measurement is developed to characterize the frequency equidistance of quantum microcombs. Our demonstration offers the possibility to leverage deterministically generated, frequency multiplexed quantum states and integrated photonics to open up new avenues in fields of spectroscopy, quantum metrology, and scalable, continuous-variable-based quantum information processing.
The generation of large-scale entangled states is crucial for quantum technologies, such as quantum computation1, communication2 and metrology3. Integrated quantum photonics that enables on-chip encoding, processing and detection of quantum light states offers a promising platform for the generation and manipulation of large-scale entangled states4,5. Generating entanglement between qubits encoded in discrete variables within single photons is challenging, owing to the difficulty of making single photons interact on photonic chips6–11. Devices that operate with continuous variables are more promising, as they enable the deterministic generation and entanglement of qumodes, in which information is encoded in light quadratures. Demonstrations so far have been limited to entanglement between two qumodes12–20. Here we report the deterministic generation of a continuous-variable eight-mode entanglement on an integrated optical chip. The chip delivers a quantum microcomb that produces multimode squeezed-vacuum optical frequency combs below the threshold. We verify the inseparability of our eight-mode state and demonstrate supermode multipartite entanglement over hundreds of megahertz sideband frequencies through violation of the van Loock–Furusawa criteria. By measuring the full matrices of nullifier correlations with sufficiently low off-diagonal noises, we characterize multipartite entanglement structures, which are approximate to the expected cluster-type structures for finite squeezing. This work shows the potential of continuous-variable integrated photonic quantum devices for facilitating quantum computing, networking and sensing. Deterministic generation of a continuous-variable eight-mode entanglement on an integrated optical chip is reported.