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KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems

Hardware-Aware Quantum Education: Six Modules Bridging Theory, Hardware, and Software for Next-Generation Quantum Workforce

Shiva Dahal, John T. Yi, Jinsuk Baek

Published May 31, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum computing promises solutions to problems that are beyond the reach of classical machines; however, current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices require both theoretical insight and hardware expertise.This paper presents a six-module curriculum designed to bridge that gap for undergraduates from diverse disciplines.The modules progress from Python programming to electronics and circuits, vacuum technology, cryogenic measurements, microwave and RF systems, and culminate with quantum simulations and computations.Implemented at Winston-Salem State University with thirty students across computer science, information technology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, and biology, the program combined lectures, group projects, and presentations.Hands-on activities included resistor network analysis, magnetic levitation, vacuum chamber assembly, cryogenics measurements, RF component analysis, and entanglement experiments, enabling students to connect abstract principles with laboratory practice.Outcomes showed increased confidence, collaboration, critical thinking, and skill set building, even among those with no prior background.Students advanced to research-oriented projects like secure quantum communication protocols and the Quantum Mini Tennis game, which explored gate operations and qubit transformations, demonstrating that hardware-aware quantum education lowers barriers, fosters interdisciplinary participation, and prepares students for NISQ-era challenges.

DOI
10.3837/tiis.2026.05.019

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Quantum computing promises solutions to problems that are beyond the reach of classical machines; however, current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices require both theoretical insight and hardware expertise.This paper presents a six-module curriculum designed to bridge that gap for undergraduates from diverse disciplines.The modules progress from Python programming to electronics and circuits, vacuum technology, cryogenic measurements, microwave and RF systems, and culminate with quantum simulations and computations.Implemented at Winston-Salem State University with thirty students across computer science, information technology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, and biology, the program combined lectures, group projects, and presentations.Hands-on activities included resistor network analysis, magnetic levitation, vacuum chamber assembly, cryogenics measurements, RF component analysis, and entanglement experiments, enabling students to connect abstract principles with laboratory practice.Outcomes showed increased confidence, collaboration, critical thinking, and skill set building, even among those with no prior background.Students advanced to research-oriented projects like secure quantum communication protocols and the Quantum Mini Tennis game, which explored gate operations and qubit transformations, demonstrating that hardware-aware quantum education lowers barriers, fosters interdisciplinary participation, and prepares students for NISQ-era challenges.
This educational paper presents a modular workshop framework for teaching quantum programming and hardware-oriented reasoning within microelectronics education. The framework integrates five connected instructional elements. They are Qiskit foundations laboratory on gates, measurement, and Bell-state entanglement; a noise-aware quantum arithmetic module featuring GHZ circuits, ripple-carry addition, and quantum carry-lookahead addition; a structured adder-analysis exercise focused on depth, ancilla, and reversible cleanup; a capstone project on noise-resilient and security-aware 4-bit quantum adders; and a bridge from classical machine learning workflows to quantum machine learning. The paper redefines these activities explicitly as learning modules with student learning outcomes, module learning outcomes, assessment options, and discussion prompts. The resulting sequence helps learners bridge from syntax and circuit building to architecture-level trade-offs, noise interpretation, approximate design, and research-oriented thinking, all of which are well-suited for the quantum workforce.
There is a growing need for scientists and engineers with Quantum Information Science and Technology (QIST) skills.To address this need for 'quantum aware' graduates we describe a two-course sequence in quantum computing suitable for undergraduate students studying electrical engineering, physics, and computer science.Our approach is unique in that it aims to take full advantage of the diverse backgrounds of second and third year undergraduate students from these three STEM disciplines.Students will work in interdisciplinary teams to (1) understand the physics and the computational theory relevant to quantum computing, (2) develop computer code that simulates a quantum computer, (3) understand the relevance and importance of existing quantum computing algorithms, and (4) appreciate the need for future research in quantum computing.Our approach is informed in part by our experience working with a pair of undergraduate students this past summer on the development of a Python-based quantum computer simulator.This experience showed that building a simulator was an effective way to teach the theory underlying quantum computing.Building a simulator also provides an excellent foundation upon which to explore student-accessible research projects in quantum computing, which is a high-impact educational practice.
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This study aims to design and implement a quantum computing education program suitable for high school students, given the growing significance of quantum computing in diverse scientific and industrial fields. While quantum computing is rapidly gaining attention for its potential to revolutionize computational speed and address complex problems, the gap in early education for pre-university students remains notable, especially in South Korea. This research examined international and domestic trends in quantum computing education, developed an activity-based curriculum integrating simulation tools and collaborative problem solving, and applied it to a group of high school students. Through pre- and post-program surveys, activity sheets, and qualitative feedback, the results show a significant increase in students’ understanding and interest in quantum computing concepts such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum gates. The study highlights that an experiential, STEAM-integrated approach using visual and hands-on resources effectively lowers conceptual barriers and enhances engagement. However, challenges such as a lack of prior knowledge and limited educational materials persist. The research suggests policy and curriculum improvements as well as extended teacher training are required to bridge the global educational gap in quantum computing, and indicates that systematic integration of quantum concepts at the high school level is both feasible and impactful.
Quantum computing education requires students to move beyond classical programming intuitions related to state, determinism, and debugging, and to develop reasoning skills grounded in probability, measurement, and interference. This paper reports on the design and delivery of a combined undergraduate and graduate course at Louisiana State University that employed a lab-integrated learning model to support conceptual change and progressive understanding. The course paired lectures with weekly programming labs that served as environments for experimentation and reflection. These labs enabled students to confront misconceptions and refine their mental models through direct observation and evidence-based reasoning. Instruction began with Quantum Without Linear Algebra (QWLA), which introduced core concepts such as superposition and entanglement through intuitive, dictionary representations. The course then transitioned to IBM Qiskit, which provided a professional framework for circuit design, noise simulation, and algorithm implementation. Analysis of student work and feedback indicated that hands-on experimentation improved confidence, conceptual clarity, and fluency across representations. At the same time, it revealed persistent challenges in debugging, reasoning about measurement, and understanding probabilistic outcomes. This paper presents the course structure, instructional strategies, and lessons learned, and argues that lab-integrated learning offers an effective and accessible approach to teaching quantum computing in computer science education.
The advent of the post-quantum era introduces significant challenges and opportunities, particularly a pressing workforce gap in quantum computing education and skills.In response, public and private stakeholders are actively enhancing their efforts to advance quantum education.For instance, IBM's recent pledge to upskill 30 million individuals by 2030 specifically emphasizes quantum computing and cryptography.Similarly, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation, have engaged in quantum education discussions at a summit that brought together leading educators and professionals in Quantum Information Science and Technology (QIST) to strategize on future workforce development.Additionally, NIST is gearing up to unveil its post-quantum cryptography standard in the near future.Despite these efforts, collaboration across sectors in aligning quantum education approaches needs more focus.As experienced educators and researchers, our observation is that while cybersecurity education has witnessed extensive collaboration across government, industry, and academia, quantum education in some sectors is not receiving the attention as highlighted by government initiatives.We propose a systematic approach, leveraging established frameworks like NICE, to integrate quantum computing education into mainstream curricula to ensure that industry will not have the large gap of filling jobs as the cybersecurity sector is currently experiencing.We present an analysis of two courses introduced in our CS department: "Introduction to Quantum Computing," and "Quantum Computing II."We outline the course modules specifically crafted to heighten students' quantum awareness and curiosity as they will be confronted with opportunities and issues related to quantum computing in their software engineering careers.Our student survey results, utilizing a Likert scale ranking, indicate a significant increase in students' interest and curiosity in quantum concepts, as well as their eagerness to further explore quantum computing.These results that we are meeting our educational objectives.