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Photonic Entanglement Is Counter-Productive

Andre Vatarescu

Published May 28, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

The original Bell inequalities were derived with four terms of channel-to-channel correlations of paired photons but are violated with sixteen terms of channel-to-channel correlations. The same correlation function can be derived for non-entangled photons as it was for entangled ones. The correlation probability for independent photons and qubits exceeds that of the entangled photons. Entanglement reduces the detection probability of the first measurement to 1/2 but does not affect the second photon’s maximal probability of detection. For one channel-to-one channel correlation, the quantum probability of entangled photons can be factorized, which should enable a local determination of a quantum nonlocal effect. A single photon is scattered by the quantum Rayleigh scattering making it impossible to synchronize the detections of an original pair of photons. All experimental results can be explained by means of the intrinsic field of photons as confirmed by independently published experimental results involving independent photons.

DOI
10.20944/preprints202605.1973.v1

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Published experimental results and analytic developments indicate the possibility of achieving stronger correlations of physical events with independent photons rather than with entangled ones. The probability of coincident detections of quantum events should not be confused with the correlation of mixed states. The theoretical requirements for implementing the quantum nonlocality theory are not present in the experimental configurations purporting to prove Bohr’s or Bell’s nonlocality because of the quantum Rayleigh scattering of single photons. By means of a normalization factor corresponding to the total number of initiated events, the detection probabilities obtained experimentally are too small to enable any violation of a Bell inequality. Correlations between independent states of qubits can easily outperform those calculated with entangled photons. Additionally, the quantum joint probability for a Bell state can be factorized enabling a local detection of the alleged quantum nonlocality, if it existed
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The locality condition of probabilities underpinning the derivation of Bell inequalities can be violated classically. The wave function collapse results in the factorization of quantum probabilities. It is possible to differentiate, locally, between ensemble probabilities of single detections with and without wave function collapse for the alleged quantum nonlocality. The theoretical concept of photonic quantum nonlocality cannot be implemented physically because of the quantum Rayleigh scattering of single photons. A distinction needs to be made between the correlation of individual, single measurements of pure states and the correlation of the ensemble states of the mixed states. The correlation operator of Pauli vector operators delivers the same probabilities of correlated detections of photons for both independent and multi-photon states as for ‘entangled’ states of photons. As single-photon sources are not needed, the design and implementation of quantum computing operations and other devices will be significantly streamlined.
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