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Quantum entanglement requires backward pulses

Zuwen Qian

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.10374.13124

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The possible three-pulse echoes in two-level systems of solids and gases are discussed with particular emphasis on backward-wave echoes. One example of the backward echoes was realized with the atomic sodium DDD line. The detection of this echo requires neither optical shutters nor magnetic field. The decay rate of the echo due to Na-Ar collisions was measured. It is shown that the effect of velocity changing collisions is negligible compared with that of phase interrupting ones.