Prediction P11: Non-Equilibrium Extension of Landauer's Bound - Information Erasure Dissipation Based on the Two-Phase Settlement Framework

琼金黄

Published May 22, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

Landauer’s bound k_B T ln 2 establishes the minimum dissipation for information erasure under equilibrium conditions (quasi-static, weak coupling, bath temperature T), and was experimentally verified by Bérut et al. (2012) in a single colloidal particle system. However, within the Life Panorama two-phase settlement framework, settlement operations under the Consensus Reality Protocol (CRP) do not always occur at equilibrium—when consciousness focus intervenes via the IFAP or CCP protocol, the settlement network enters a non-equilibrium transient state, with an effective temperature T_eff exceeding the bath temperature T_bath. This paper predicts that under non-equilibrium settlement conditions, the measured dissipation of information erasure will systematically exceed Landauer’s equilibrium bound. The excess ΔE = k_B ln 2 (T_eff − T_bath) is proportional to the settlement network’s degree of non-equilibrium η, which is itself modulated by the consciousness intention intensity I. We present testable numerical predictions, propose experimental schemes based on single-electron boxes and superconducting qubits, and specify clear falsification conditions. This prediction forms a complement to recent results showing that non-equilibrium initial memory states can dip below Landauer’s bound: the former concerns the non-equilibrium memory end, while the latter concerns the non-equilibrium settlement protocol—the two correspond to different non-equilibrium biases within the two-phase settlement equation, at the memory side and the operation side respectively. Landauer’s bound, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, information erasure, effective temperature, two-phase settlement, consciousness intention, single-electron box, superconducting qubit, Life Panorama, SCIP protocols

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20346130

Related papers

Landauer-Limit Energy Floor and JPCUB Normalization for Cryogenic Quantum Control Electronics

Rowan Brad Quni-Gudzinas

Cryogenic quantum computers require classical control electronics operating at room temperature (T_room ≈ 300 K) to interface with qubits at milliKelvin (T_qubit ≈ 10 mK). Information erasure in room-temperature logic incurs a Landauer-limit cost, E_Landauer = k_B T_room ln 2 per bit. Refrigeration to maintain T_qubit introduces additional energy dissipation, quantified via Carnot efficiency: COP = T_qubit / (T_room − T_qubit). This work computes the total energy floor as E_total = E_Landauer + E_refrigeration, where E_refrigeration = Q_cold / COP and Q_cold = k_B T_qubit ln 2 per bit. A JPCUB normalization is proposed to partition dissipation between controller and qubit subsystems, enabling targeted optimization. For T_qubit = 10 mK, E_refrigeration ≈ 10^4 × E_Landauer, indicating controller-side dissipation dominates. [to verify] JPCUB ratios quantify trade-offs, guiding thermal management in scalable quantum architectures. ## 1. Introduction Quantum computing systems face dual thermodynamic challenges: information erasure in classical control electronics and refrigeration to maintain qubit coherence. Landauer's principle establishes E_Landauer = k_B T ln 2 per bit as the minimum energy cost for information loss [Landauer, 1961, DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.544]. However, cryogenic qubits necessitate refrigeration from room temperature, introducing a Carnot efficiency overhead [Kittel, 2008, DOI:10.1002/9783527618132]. This paper derives the combined energy floor for control electronics, accounting for both effects, and introduces a normalization framework (JPCUB) to separate controller and qubit dissipation. ## 2. Background Landauer's principle links information theory and thermodynamics, asserting that erasing a bit of information requires energy E = k_B T ln 2 [Landauer, 1961]. For cryogenic systems, this applies to room-temperature logic, while qubit operation demands refrigeration. The coefficient of performance (COP) for a Carnot refrigerator is COP =

Sep 3, 20260 citations

How Fast Can Decoherence Happen? A Thermodynamic Lower Bound

Yunpu Shi

Starting from the thermodynamic limit of information recording, this paper derives a complete, universal decoherence formula consisting of three linked equations: 1. A **non-zero lower bound on the decoherence time** of a quantum system: `τ_min = (ℏ / k_B T) · (1 / ln N_eff)`, where `N_eff` is the number of effective environmental degrees of freedom participating in the irreversible recording of the system's information. 2. A **quantitative criterion for the macroscopic–microscopic boundary**: `N_eff^(c) = exp( ℏ / (k_B T · T_sys) )`, where `T_sys` is the characteristic evolution time of the system. When `N_eff > N_eff^(c)`, decoherence completes before a single coherent evolution, and classical behavior emerges. 3. A **thermodynamic lower bound on interference fringe visibility**: `V ≥ exp( − ln N_eff / ln N_eff^(c) )`, derived from the first two equations without additional assumptions. The first equation predicts a *saturation effect*: the decoherence time no longer shortens indefinitely as environmental coupling increases. The second shows that for nearly all laboratory-accessible systems, `N_eff^(c) ≈ 1`, meaning any non-zero environmental coupling suffices to trigger the transition—explaining why macroscopic objects are inevitably classical. The third provides a directly measurable observable for the continuous quantum–classical phase transition. The framework is universal, applies to any quantum system in contact with an environment at temperature `T`, and its three core predictions are independently falsifiable. Based on the boundary criterion, wave–particle duality in double-slit experiments is reinterpreted as a special case of this phase transition occurring under the limiting condition `N_eff^(c) ≈ 1`. Three experimental schemes—a decoherence-saturation ratio test, a temperature-dependence test of the boundary criterion, and a direct observation of the continuous wave–particle transition via ultrafast electron diffraction or circuit QED—are proposed, all feasible on existing quantum information platforms without requiring new equipment.

Aug 1, 20260 citations

Thermodynamic Limits of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing Beyond the Weak-Coupling, Quasistatic Regime

Mrittunjoy Guha Majumdar

The standard Landauer bound W≥kBTln2 sets the fundamental thermodynamic cost for information erasure under ideal conditions: weak system-bath coupling, quasistatic operation, and equilibrium reservoirs. However, realistic quantum error correction (QEC) operates in a profoundly different regime-finite-time syndrome extraction, strong coupling to cryogenic environments, and non-equilibrium dynamics. Here, we develop a unified thermodynamic framework for fault-tolerant quantum computing that incorporates corrections beyond the ideal Landauer limit. We derive a generalized bound on the heat dissipation per QEC cycle: Qmin≥kBTln2+kBTΔISB+ℏτ, and scaling this result to large-scale quantum computers, we find that the total heat load grows polynomially with code distance but remains in the nanowatt range for million-qubit systems-well within the cooling power of modern dilution refrigerators. Applying our model to superconducting qubit architectures, we show that while strong coupling can add up to ∼20% to the ideal cost, finite-time effects contribute approximately 0.55% at 100 ns and 5.5% at 10 ns reset operations. Our results establish that the true thermodynamic cost of fault tolerance, while exceeding the naive Landauer estimate, does not pose a fundamental obstacle to scalability; the dominant engineering challenges lie in the heat load of control electronics and wiring, not in the fundamental dissipation of qubit reset.

EntropyMay 11, 20261 citation

Breakdown of the Landauer bound for information erasure in the quantum regime

ARMEN E. ALLAHVERDYAN, Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

A known aspect of the Clausius inequality is that an equilibrium system subjected to a squeezing dS < 0 of its entropy must release at least an amount the absolute value of dQ = T times the absolute value of dS of heat. This serves as a basis for the Landauer principle, which puts a lower bound T ln 2 for the heat generated by erasure of one bit of information. Here we show that in the world of quantum entanglement this law is broken. A quantum Brownian particle interacting with its thermal bath can either generate less heat or even absorb heat during an analogous squeezing process, due to entanglement with the bath. The effect exists even for weak but fixed coupling with the bath, provided that temperature is low enough. This invalidates the Landauer bound in the quantum regime, and suggests that quantum carriers of information can be more efficient than assumed so far.

arXiv:cond-mat/0012284Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topicsOct 24, 200182 citations

Minimizing Dissipation in Multiqubit Erasure via Engineered Quantum Reservoirs

Sergio Arias

The erasure of quantum information is governed by two fundamental thermodynamic bounds: Landauer’s principle, which establishes the absolute minimum energetic cost of resetting a state, and Nernst’s unattainability principle, which dictates that perfect cooling to absolute zero entropy requires infinite resources. Under finite constraints, conventional cooling protocols utilizing thermal baths composed of n non-interacting particles are bottlenecked by a linear dissipation barrier (O(1/n)). In this thesis, we establish the ultimate thermodynamic limits of finite-resource multiqubit erasure and introduce the most thermodynamically efficient cooling protocol currently known. Building upon the max-cooling framework—a global unitary operation that systematically sorts the eigenvalues of the joint system-bath state to pack the highest probability mass into the target’s ground state—we engineer a bath Hamiltonian with specific, target-dependent degeneracies for arbitrary m-qubit systems. This collective protocol achieves an optimal asymptotic entropy production scaling of Σ = O(mˆ2/nˆ2), successfully saturating the scaling of the fundamental theoretical lower bound. This degeneracy-optimized approach strictly outperforms both standard non-interacting reservoirs and the best-known protocol for the independent cooling of single qubits using a reservoir of interacting particles (O(mˆ3/nˆ2)). Furthermore, we establish that surpassing conventional dissipation barriers requires an operational threshold of just n ≥ 2mˆ2 bath particles to achieve this optimal scaling.

Aug 24, 20260 citations

Finite-Time Quantum Landauer Principle and Quantum Coherence

Tan Van Vu, Keiji Saito

The Landauer principle states that any logically irreversible information processing must be accompanied by dissipation into the environment. In this Letter, we investigate the heat dissipation associated with finite-time information erasure and the effect of quantum coherence in such processes. By considering a scenario wherein information is encoded in an open quantum system whose dynamics are described by the Markovian Lindblad equation, we show that the dissipated heat is lower bounded by the conventional Landauer cost, as well as a correction term inversely proportional to the operational time. To clarify the relation between quantum coherence and dissipation, we derive a lower bound for heat dissipation in terms of quantum coherence. This bound quantitatively implies that the creation of quantum coherence in the energy eigenbasis during the erasure process inevitably leads to additional heat costs. The obtained bounds hold for arbitrary operational time and control protocol. By following an optimal control theory, we numerically present an optimal protocol and illustrate our findings by using a single-qubit system.

arXiv:2106.05743Physical Review LettersJan 4, 202281 citations