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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

Analysis of Practical Security at the Source Side for Phase-Encoded Quantum Private Query

Bin Liu, Yuhang Zhong, Wei Huang, Tao Sun, Wenzhu Shao, Nankun Mu

Published Apr 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

量子保密查询是解决对称隐私信息检索问题的量子方案. 本文研究了基于量子密钥分发的相位编码量子保密查询协议的安全性. 结果表明,多光子脉冲对量子保密查询协议中参与者的隐私构成了严重威胁. 鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于分束器阵列的检测与防御方案.该方案利用光子在不同分光路径下的响应统计帮助诚实参与者精准量化攻击威胁,并通过引入零探测条件编码策略有效滤除危险信号.分析表明,改进后的协议能有效抵御这种攻击,从而保证了量子保密查询过程的安全性和可靠性.

DOI
10.1360/sspma-2026-0261

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量子保密查询是解决对称隐私信息检索问题的量子方案. 本文研究了基于量子密钥分发的相位编码量子保密查询协议的安全性. 结果表明,多光子脉冲对量子保密查询协议中参与者的隐私构成了严重威胁. 鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于分束器阵列的检测与防御方案.该方案利用光子在不同分光路径下的响应统计帮助诚实参与者精准量化攻击威胁,并通过引入零探测条件编码策略有效滤除危险信号.分析表明,改进后的协议能有效抵御这种攻击,从而保证了量子保密查询过程的安全性和可靠性.
ABSTRACT Quantum private query (QPQ) as the quantum version of the symmetrically private information retrieval problem, is recognized as a new quantum cryptographic protocol with great practical potential. Compared to classical schemes, QPQ protocols provide higher security and lower complexity. However, most of the existing protocols are polarization encoding ones, which are incompatible with current optical fiber communication quantum networks. Moreover, the high demands for quantum capabilities and the scarcity of affordable quantum resources present challenges. This paper proposes a QPQ protocol with phase encoding of two‐way communication, enhancing the stability and reducing quantum resources expenditure. The security analysis demonstrates that this protocol is capable of effectively resisting several common attacks, safeguarding the privacy security of the database and user. Furthermore, the protocol has the potential to be implemented in existing phase‐encoding quantum systems, promoting progress in the practical application of QPQ.