Background: The incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in intelligent home systems has significantly enhanced the ability to monitor, control, and interact with various home devices. These systems utilize a vast network of interconnected devices that collect and share data, necessitating robust security measures to protect against unauthorized access and ensure data integrity. IoT security encounters obstacles including resource-limited devices, extensive networks, heterogeneous systems, vulnerable communication channels, and insufficient inherent safeguards. Addressing them requires lightweight encryption, safe protocols, frequent updates, and strong authentication to preserve performance while assuring security. This study encrypts data using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and evaluates three encryption techniques—single-key, multi-key, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)—to secure IoT communications within smart home environments. We evaluate these methods based on their security effectiveness, measured by entropy, and operational efficiency, as demonstrated by encryption and decryption times. The findings demonstrate that while multiple key encryptions offer a higher level of security through increased entropy, ECC provides superior efficiency by significantly reducing the encryption and decryption times compared to the other tested methods. The study highlights the importance of employing advanced encryption techniques in IoT systems to enhance security and efficiency. ECC emerges as a promising solution for its balance of robust security and operational efficiency, making it ideal for real-time smart home applications.
Background: The incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in intelligent home systems has significantly enhanced the ability to monitor, control, and interact with various home devices. These systems utilize a vast network of interconnected devices that collect and share data, necessitating robust security measures to protect against unauthorized access and ensure data integrity. IoT security encounters obstacles including resource-limited devices, extensive networks, heterogeneous systems, vulnerable communication channels, and insufficient inherent safeguards. Addressing them requires lightweight encryption, safe protocols, frequent updates, and strong authentication to preserve performance while assuring security. This study encrypts data using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and evaluates three encryption techniques—single-key, multi-key, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)—to secure IoT communications within smart home environments. We evaluate these methods based on their security effectiveness, measured by entropy, and operational efficiency, as demonstrated by encryption and decryption times. The findings demonstrate that while multiple key encryptions offer a higher level of security through increased entropy, ECC provides superior efficiency by significantly reducing the encryption and decryption times compared to the other tested methods. The study highlights the importance of employing advanced encryption techniques in IoT systems to enhance security and efficiency. ECC emerges as a promising solution for its balance of robust security and operational efficiency, making it ideal for real-time smart home applications.
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has revolutionized digital communication, yet it simultaneously poses unprecedented security challenges due to constrained device capabilities and increasing cyber threats. Conventional cryptographic techniques, while currently effective, are vulnerable to emerging quantum computing technologies that threaten to render classical encryption obsolete. This paper explores the integration of quantum-safe cryptographic techniques within IoT networks to ensure long-term confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. It examines post-quantum cryptographic primitives, including lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate, and code-based schemes, and evaluates their suitability for resource-constrained IoT environments. The study focuses on lightweight implementation strategies, balancing computational efficiency with robust security requirements. Simulation analyses demonstrate that properly optimized quantum safe protocols can provide resilient encryption, key exchange, and digital signature functionalities without overwhelming device resources. Furthermore, the integration of these techniques with IoT communication standards and secure network protocols ensures end-to-end protection across heterogeneous networks. Challenges such as latency, energy consumption, and scalability are addressed, highlighting the necessity of tailored cryptographic solutions for diverse IoT applications. The findings confirm that quantum safe cryptography is essential for future-proofing IoT networks, offering sustainable security measures that remain resilient against both classical and quantum adversaries, thereby supporting the continued expansion of secure and intelligent interconnected systems.
The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has connected billions of smart devices across healthcare, transportation, industrial automation, and smart home environments. While IoT has enhanced automation and data-driven decision-making, its widespread deployment has also increased the risk of cyberattacks. Conventional public-key cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are vulnerable to future quantum computing attacks, particularly those based on Shor's algorithm. This paper proposes a Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Framework (QRCF) for secure IoT communication using lattice-based cryptography integrated with lightweight authentication and efficient key management. The framework is designed to meet the computational limitations of IoT devices while ensuring long-term confidentiality and integrity. Performance evaluation demonstrates improvements in security resilience, authentication efficiency, and communication reliability compared with traditional cryptographic approaches. The proposed framework offers a scalable and future-ready solution for protecting IoT ecosystems in the post-quantum era.
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things devices (IoT) across healthcare, smart homes, transportation, and industrial automation has led to an unprecedented exchange of sensitive data over wireless channels, exposing these networks to cyberattacks, eavesdropping, and unauthorized access.Conventional cryptographic techniques, which rely on computational hardness assumptions, are increasingly vulnerable to the emerging capabilities of quantum computing.This paper explores the application of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a means of enabling secure and dependable data communication for IoT devices.By exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, QKD allows two communicating parties to generate a shared secret key while inherently detecting any attempt at interception.The proposed approach aims to enhance data privacy, ensure secure authentication, preserve confidentiality, and safeguard IoT systems against present and future quantum enabled threats.The integration of quantum based security techniques into existing IoT infrastructure is examined, along with its implications for improving the reliability and trustworthiness of wireless IoT communication systems.This work positions Quantum Enhanced Secure Data Communication as a forward looking security solution for next generation IoT networks.
The rapid advancements in quantum computation pose significant threats to traditional cryptographic systems, such as those used in the Internet of Things (IoT). RSA and methods like Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are particularly vulnerable to quantum algorithmic techniques, such as Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms. This paper focuses on the analysis of cryptographic models based on quantum technologies, with special emphasis on IoT security. It examines how both symmetric and public-key cryptography are affected by quantum comput-ing—highlighting vulnerabilities in symmetric schemes to Grover’s algorithm and in public-key systems like ECC to Shor’s algorithm. Significant focus is placed on the advancement of quantum-resistant ECC, with an in-depth evaluation of its effectiveness, security capabilities, and suitability for IoT applications. This work also compares various methods for implementing quantum-enhanced ECC, considering both software and hardware solutions. Furthermore, the paper explores emerging hybrid systems that integrate classical and quantum-resistant encryption to offer enhanced security in transitional scenarios. Lastly, it outlines potential research avenues for developing new techniques to protect future IoT networks from quantum-based attacks.
ABSTARCT The rapid proliferation of smart home Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has transformed residential environments through intelligent automation, remote monitoring, and data driven decision making. Alongside these benefits, security risks have intensified due to advances in large scale quantum computing, which threaten the cryptographic foundations of current IoT systems. Widely deployed public key algorithms such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography are vulnerable to quantum attacks enabled by Shor’s algorithm, raising serious concerns regarding long term confidentiality, authentication, and trust in smart home ecosystems. To address this challenge, two major quantum resilient security paradigms have emerged: Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). This paper presents a structured comparative study of PQC and QKD within smart home IoT environments, evaluating architectural compatibility, computational and energy constraints, scalability, deployment cost, communication models, and security guarantees. Realistic smart home scenarios including smart locks, surveillance cameras, and resource constrained sensor networks are examined to assess practical feasibility. The analysis demonstrates that while QKD offers information theoretic security under ideal conditions, its reliance on specialized quantum hardware and dedicated infrastructure makes it unsuitable for consumer smart homes. In contrast, PQC provides a scalable, software based, and cost effective approach that integrates seamlessly. Keywords: Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution, Smart Home IoT, Quantum Security, IoT Cryptography.
The coupling of quantum-metering methods with cryptographic key exchanges spells out a new security paradigm model to safeguard Internet of Things (IoT) networks against rapidly changing cyberspace threats. The given assessment explains a quantum-advanced scenario that is operationally feasible and serves as a platform for quantum key distribution (QKD) along with classical post-quantum algorithms to deliver end-to-end confidentiality, integrity, and authentication features to a wide range of IoT devices. The model, by the virtue of quantum entanglement and photon polarization used in the creation of tamper-evident communication links, is invulnerable to adversarial-aided eavesdropping and computational assault methods and further offers a hybrid encryption protocol that has been demonstrated to alleviate key generation and exchange latency trade-offs - simultaneously maintaining scalability and effectiveness in resource-constrained IoT node environments. The key compromise probability is significantly lowered in the experimental results, along with the keys' entropy levels, which were generated in the pure QKD space as opposed to classicalbased RSA and ECC methods. Also, the framework investigates lightweight quantum-safe authentication techniques that can be used to establish trust at the device level. The output points to the enhanced resistance to quantum and classical attackers that can make the solutions work in real-time application IoT environments such as smart healthcare, autonomous systems, and industrial automation. Overall, the quantum-enriched model of cryptographic key exchange is next-gen IoT ecosystem to be implemented subsequently.