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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

Quantum computing for smart grid

Fanfan Lin, Zeheng Wang, Chao Ren, Xinze Li, Juan Jose Rodriguez-Andina, Sergio Vázquez, Homer Alan Mantooth, Mikael Skoglund, Timothy van der Laan, Muhammad Usman

Published May 21, 2026• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/s44287-026-00295-6

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This paper's goal is to investigate how quantum computing might be used to optimize power systems and to address some of the difficulties that quantum computers may encounter, along with solutions. The fundamental ideas of quantum computing are also covered, along with how they differ from classical computations. Within the framework of smart grids, quantum computing (QC) presents itself as a next-generation alternative approach to address impending computational difficulties. QC is a relatively new but exciting technology that uses the special properties of quantum mechanics to analyze data and perform calculations. This new paradigm can solve optimization, simulation, and machine learning issues more effectively and quickly than ever before by overcoming the obstacle of computational constraints. Recent significant advancements in the development of sophisticated quantum hardware and software techniques have increased the viability of applying QC in a variety of research fields, including smart grids. It is clear that a great deal of research has already been done, and that research is remarkably ongoing. As a result, this article further defines the prospective smart grid applications and presents the research findings of the most current articles, emphasizing their recommendations for applying QC approaches for diverse smart grid applications. It states their plans, methods, and outcomes. The limits of the most recent quantum computers are also discussed in this research, along with how they might significantly affect the optimization of energy systems.
The computational demands of modern power systems are increasing rapidly, posing significant challenges to conventional computing approaches. Traditional methods may not be sufficient to handle the scale and complexity of future power grid operations. In this context, quantum computing (QC) emerges as a potential next-generation solution to address these limitations. Empowered with the quantum mechanics principles such as qubits, superposition and entanglement, QC can be used to efficiently handle the complex computation problems of large-scale grids. Building on this potential, our paper reviews the existing research done in regard to QC applications in smart grids and classifies them on the basis of three core QC's advantages namely - optimization, big data forecasting and security. In the end, we discuss the current challenges associated with employing QC in smart grids.