Crop yield forecasting is critical for agricultural planning, resource distribution, and global food security. Nevertheless, the available literature is largely based on classical machine learning models or isolated simulation methods, which are not always effective at modeling the intricate non-linear processes between climatic variability, soil characteristics, and environmental conditions. To overcome these shortcomings, this study presents a superior predictive model, Entanglement-Aware Variational Quantum Ensemble Regression with Uncertainty-Aware Ensemble Weighting (EA-UAQER). The given approach will combine reference to quantum-inspired ensemble learning and uncertainty-sensitive weighting schemes to improve predictive generalization, stability, and resilience to heterogeneous data regimes. An experimental assessment was conducted using a publicly available Kaggle crop yield dataset with a variety of soil and meteorological characteristics. Computational libraries were developed in Python to train, validate, and assess model performance. The EA-UAQER model produced better results with an Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.124, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.089, R 2 of 0.985, and finally Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.84% as compared to other traditional benchmark models such as the Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Network. These findings indicate that the framework can model complex non-linear relationships with lower prediction variance and uncertainty. Through the integration of quantum-inspired optimization with ensemble intelligence, the project will provide a scalable, robust solution for next-generation intelligent agricultural forecasting systems to enable data-driven decision-making and sustainable crop management and food production strategies.
Crop yield forecasting is critical for agricultural planning, resource distribution, and global food security. Nevertheless, the available literature is largely based on classical machine learning models or isolated simulation methods, which are not always effective at modeling the intricate non-linear processes between climatic variability, soil characteristics, and environmental conditions. To overcome these shortcomings, this study presents a superior predictive model, Entanglement-Aware Variational Quantum Ensemble Regression with Uncertainty-Aware Ensemble Weighting (EA-UAQER). The given approach will combine reference to quantum-inspired ensemble learning and uncertainty-sensitive weighting schemes to improve predictive generalization, stability, and resilience to heterogeneous data regimes. An experimental assessment was conducted using a publicly available Kaggle crop yield dataset with a variety of soil and meteorological characteristics. Computational libraries were developed in Python to train, validate, and assess model performance. The EA-UAQER model produced better results with an Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.124, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.089, R 2 of 0.985, and finally Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.84% as compared to other traditional benchmark models such as the Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Network. These findings indicate that the framework can model complex non-linear relationships with lower prediction variance and uncertainty. Through the integration of quantum-inspired optimization with ensemble intelligence, the project will provide a scalable, robust solution for next-generation intelligent agricultural forecasting systems to enable data-driven decision-making and sustainable crop management and food production strategies.
This study investigates how precision agriculture and crop production predictions may be improved using Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models, namely the Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC). The VQC outperformed traditional linear regression and other quantum models such as Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) and Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNN) by using quantum computing's ability to analyze high-dimensional agricultural data. With the lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE: 28.00), Mean Absolute Error (MAE: 3.8), and greatest R-squared (R2: 0.97), the VQC successfully identified intricate relationships between input variables such as acreage, rainfall, and fertilizer usage. Classical models, on the other hand, had more prediction errors and showed serious limits. This work opens the door for further research and the use of quantum technologies in agricultural systems by demonstrating the revolutionary potential of QML, particularly VQC, in tackling issues in agriculture, including food security, resource sustainability, and climate resilience.
Changes in Weather decrease in soil fertility, limited water resources and growing populations all are making agriculture harder. Even though precision agriculture uses traditional machine learning techniques, the majority of these approaches are unable to effectively handle the extremely complex and multidimensional data coming from crop genetics, weather systems, soil sensors, and satellite surveillance. In this regard, the current research presents a framework for intelligent agriculture that is based on quantum machine learning and quantum optimization. The system can represent and analyze the agricultural data far more efficiently than traditional computer methods by taking advantage of quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. Improved crop yield prediction and intelligent resource management via quantum-inspired optimization, particularly QAOA, are the two main objectives of the work. The model achieves accuracy values for yield estimates between 70 and 90%, according to simulation results, and it allows for real-time modification of fertilizer and irrigation. Lastly, it provides farmers with an easy-to-use dashboard to visualize insights. The current study provides a conceptual and technical foundation for quantum computing applications in agriculture in the near future, for more resource-efficient, data-driven, and sustainable farming, even though current quantum hardware is still in the development stage.
This paper introduces a hybrid machine learning and quantum, inspired framework for the prediction of crop yield and profit in precision agriculture. The presented system combines classical machine learning models with quantum, inspired learning such that the model's predictability and generalization can be increased. Random Forest regressors are employed to estimate crop yield and economic profit, thus providing a stable and reliable baseline for the performance. Quantum Kernel Ridge Regression and a Variational Quantum Circuit have been added to this framework as corrective components to enhance the model's generalization. The proposed technique involves methodical data preprocessing: categorical attributes are encoded (soil type, season, crop name, and disease status), and numerical features are scaled (rainfall, nutrient level, fertilizer usage, and cultivated area). Instead of using image, based disease detection methods, disease condition is considered as a structured input feature and is merged with the yield and profit estimation process. The quantum-inspired module, which is implemented with Qiskit, employs Principal Component Analysis for reducing dimensions and utilizes a ZZFeatureMap to encode quantum features to construct quantum kernels. By providing an effective framework for data-driven agricultural decision support, the current system is deployed via an interactive Streamlit application for dataset uploading, model training and prediction, and visual analysis through correlation heatmaps and yield-profit trend plots. Experimental results have shown that a hybrid integration of classical machine learning and quantum- inspired methodology could enhance predictability, interpretability, and practical usability, thus offering this framework suitable for data-driven agricultural decision support.
The need for accuracy and scalability is imperative when it comes to monitoring soil health and detecting plant diseases using precision agriculture. This paper suggests a Quantum AI-based hybrid analytics approach that combines classical machine learning algorithms, Variational Quantum Circuits, and statistics modeling in order to provide improved agricultural decision making capabilities. For this purpose, we used the multi-modal datasets that include Soil Health Data set (Kaggle dataset, n=12,500) that contains soil pH, moisture, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) information and PlantVillage dataset (54,306 leaf images from 38 classes). This paper proposes a hybrid framework of QSVM and QCNN to predict soil health status and detect crop diseases in a dataset. This research work has been experimentally evaluated with Qiskit simulator (8 qubits) and classical ML algorithms like Random Forest and CNN. Based on experimental results, it is clear that the proposed hybrid framework yields soil health prediction accuracy of 94.7%, which is better than classical ML approaches (88.3%). Further, the accuracy achieved by the QCNN framework for predicting crop disease is 97.2%, with precision, recall, and F1-score being 0.96, 0.97, and 0.965, respectively. It is observed that the computation time is reduced by around 21.4% in feature selection tasks. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that this paper explores the capability of Quantum Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide timely assistance for precision farming applications.
The accelerated growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Quantum Computing (QC) has unlocked transformative potential for solving complex challenges in climate-adaptive and energy-efficient agriculture. Traditional deep learning frameworks often struggle to manage the massive heterogeneity, temporal variance, and computational intensity inherent in multi-source agro-climatic data. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces AgriQDL (Quantum-Driven Deep Learning for Agriculture) — an advanced hybrid paradigm that combines the superior pattern recognition of deep neural networks with the parallel computational capabilities of quantum circuits. First Objective focuses on integrating Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) with deep architectures to accelerate learning across high-dimensional satellite, soil, weather, and IoT-sensor datasets. The second objective aims to employ quantum-inspired backpropagation and Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (QGANs) for efficient feature learning and synthetic data generation in regions with sparse ground-truth samples. The final objective embeds the AgriQDL framework into a Federated Learning (FL) environment to ensure secure, decentralized model training that preserves community data privacy while supporting collaborative intelligence. The proposed AgriQDL architecture integrates quantum-enhanced convolutional and recurrent layers for spatial–temporal feature extraction, where VQCs perform high-speed state transformations and gradient evaluations. The QGAN module supplements limited datasets by generating high-fidelity synthetic samples, thereby mitigating regional data scarcity and improving model generalization. The FL-enabled deployment ensures that each agricultural community trains its local model while contributing encrypted gradients to a global quantum-assisted model aggregator, achieving scalability and confidentiality simultaneously. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted across multiple agro-climatic zones using diverse datasets encompassing satellite imagery, soil moisture indices, humidity, and crop-yield records. Comparative analysis against conventional deep learning baselines — including CNN, LSTM, and hybrid CNN-BiLSTM models — demonstrates that AgriQDL achieves an average accuracy improvement of 18%, reduces training time by up to 45%, and enhances resilience to climate variability and data imbalance. These outcomes highlight AgriQDL’s capability to perform rapid, resource-efficient agricultural analytics while maintaining strong privacy guarantees. The results establish AgriQDL as a robust foundation for next-generation quantum–AI-driven precision agriculture systems.
Abstract: The increasing global demand for food, coupled with the challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, and supply chain inefficiencies, necessitates transformative solutions in agriculture and food security. Traditional AI-driven agricultural systems, while effective, often struggle with processing vast, complex, and interdependent variables such as weather patterns, soil quality, pest outbreaks, and logistics optimization. Quantum AI, which merges the computational power of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, offers unprecedented capabilities in predictive analytics, real-time decision-making, and optimization for sustainable farming. This chapter explores Quantum AI’s applications in precision agriculture, climate-resilient farming, pest and disease prediction, and smart food supply chains, demonstrating how quantum-enhanced models optimize irrigation, enhance crop yield forecasts, and improve food distribution efficiency. Additionally, it highlights the challenges, ethical considerations, and future potential of Quantum AI in ensuring global food security while promoting environmental sustainability. By integrating Quantum AI with IoT, blockchain, and remote sensing technologies, this chapter outlines a strategic roadmap for transforming agriculture into a highly efficient, adaptive, and climate-resilient system, paving the way for a food-secure and ecologically sustainable future. Keywords: Quantum AI, food security, sustainable agriculture, precision farming, climate-resilient farming, quantum computing in agriculture, smart food supply chains, predictive analytics, crop yield optimization, pest and disease prediction, quantum-enhanced logistics, irrigation management, AI-driven agriculture, blockchain for food traceability, sustainable resource management, quantum optimization algorithms