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EXTENSION OF THE CHRONAL FIELD MODEL: A REEVALUATION OF BOHR'S POSTULATES, EINSTEIN'S PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, AND THE ZEEMAN EFFECT.

Hennadii Kovalov

Published May 17, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work presents a development of the chronal field interpretation of quantum phenomena proposed earlier by the author. Based on the concept of the photon as a dynamic phase node of field switching (), a revision of classical paradoxes of quantum mechanics is carried out. A generalized energy equation is formulated, eliminating the duality of rest mass and photon momentum. Bohr's postulates and the structure of electronic orbits are explicated as topological invariants of phase resonance (). A geometric model of the Zeeman effect is proposed as a dynamic asymmetry of counter-propagating complex rotations of the field under the influence of an external magnetic potential. This work lays the foundation for causal chronodynamics of the microcosm without the use of probabilistic Copenhagen description.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20252958

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This work presents a development of the chronal field interpretation of quantum phenomena proposed earlier by the author. Based on the concept of the photon as a dynamic phase node of field switching (), a revision of classical paradoxes of quantum mechanics is carried out. A generalized energy equation is formulated, eliminating the duality of rest mass and photon momentum. Bohr's postulates and the structure of electronic orbits are explicated as topological invariants of phase resonance (). A geometric model of the Zeeman effect is proposed as a dynamic asymmetry of counter-propagating complex rotations of the field under the influence of an external magnetic potential. This work lays the foundation for causal chronodynamics of the microcosm without the use of probabilistic Copenhagen description.
This work offers an original view of the internal structure of Planck's constant h through the prism of classical Maxwellian electrodynamics and the complex geometry of phase space. This presents a development of the chronal field interpretation of quantum phenomena proposed earlier by the author. Based on the concept of the photon as a dynamic phase node of field switching (h=π+1), a revision of classical paradoxes of quantum mechanics is carried out. A generalized energy equation E=ℏ/(τ0+τtransition) is formulated, eliminating the duality of rest mass and photon momentum. Bohr's postulates and the structure of electronic orbits are explicated as topological invariants of phase resonance (ei2πn=1). A geometric model of the Zeeman effect is proposed as a dynamic asymmetry of counter-propagating complex rotations of the field under the influence of an external magnetic potential. This work lays the foundation for causal chronodynamics of the microcosm without the use of probabilistic Copenhagen description. This presents an alternative deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics, eliminating the probabilistic Copenhagen postulate. The author introduces the concept of the chronal field τ(r,t) as the local time of one radian of phase. The wave function Ψ is explicated as a real physical deformation of this field.
This article presents an alternative deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics, eliminating the probabilistic Copenhagen postulate. The author introduces the concept of the chronal field as the local time of one radian of phase. The wave function is explicated as a real physical deformation of this field. From the Lagrangian of the chronal field elasticity, the Klein–Gordon wave equation is derived, which in the non-relativistic limit reduces to the stationary Schrödinger equation. A physical mechanism for the Stark and Zeeman effects is proposed through the polarization and circulation of chronal cells . Numerical predictions for interferometric verification of phase shifts are formulated.
A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structures aimed at clarifying their physical content.
A geometric interpretation of electron dynamics is presentedbased on phase-coherent helical motion constrained by relativistic kinematics.Building on de Broglie’s concept of internal periodicity and theHamilton–Jacobi formulation of mechanics, the electron is modeled asan intrinsic light-speed helical trajectory whose axial pitch correspondsto the de Broglie wavelength and whose transverse scale is set by thereduced Compton length. Within this framework, spin-1/2 symmetry,magnetic moment, rest energy, and bound-state quantization emerge asinterconnected consequences of phase closure and geometric constraints,rather than as independent postulates. The formal operator structure ofquantum mechanics is recovered as a statistical description of ensemblesof phase-coherent helical trajectories, with momentum and energy operatorsarising as generators of spatial and temporal phase evolution. The frameworkprovides a geometric visualization of interference, tunneling, and quantumtransitions, while remaining fully consistent with the standard probabilisticpredictions of quantum mechanics and the Lorentz invariance of specialrelativity. The helical phase interpretation is intended as a conceptualand pedagogical complement to orthodox formalisms, offering physicalintuition for otherwise abstract quantum structures without modifying theirmathematical foundations. Thus, this work does not propose a modificationof quantum theory, but offers a geometric interpretation of its formal structuresaimed at clarifying their physical content.
This paper proposes a radical reinterpretation of electron dynamics in atoms, arguing for a fundamental revision of both Bohr and Schrödinger atomic models. Introducing the concept of a "Reverse Higgs process," the authors suggest that electrons can lose their rest mass and propagate at the speed of light as massless entities on electromagnetic or so-called "ghost" waves. The work challenges conventional quantum mechanical views of the radial wavefunction ψ(R), proposing instead that ψ(R) represents a constant orbital size rather than a probabilistic distribution. The authors present a geometric reinterpretation of orbital shapes using twisted rope analogies to explain transitions between s-, p-, d-, and f-orbitals, emphasizing that space-time curvature naturally leads to orbital quantization. By distinguishing between ghost waves and true electromagnetic waves, the study further argues that electron trajectories are well-defined rather than probabilistic clouds, effectively reinterpreting quantum entanglement and spin. Ultimately, the paper claims to complete Einstein’s theory of special relativity and suggests a unified framework for understanding electron propagation, molecular bonding, and the structure of complex molecules. This new perspective has implications for foundational physics and chemistry, challenging longstanding interpretations and proposing an alternative geometric and dynamic basis for atomic and molecular behavior.
We extend a recent classical mechanical analog of Bohr's atom consisting of a scalar field coupled to a massive point-like particle [P. Jamet and A. Drezet, "A mechanical analog of Bohr's atom based on de Broglie's double-solution approach," Chaos 31, 103120 (2021)] by adding and studying the contribution of a uniform weak magnetic field on their dynamics. In doing so, we are able to recover the splitting of the energy levels of the atom called Zeeman's effect within the constraints of our model and in agreement with the semiclassical theory of Sommerfeld. This result is obtained using Larmor's theorem for both the field and the particle, associating magnetic effects with inertial Coriolis forces in a rotating frame of reference. Our work, based on the old "double solution" theory of de Broglie, shows that a dualistic model involving a particle guided by a scalar field can reproduce the normal Zeeman effect.