Quantum computers are rapidly evolving from theoretical research to practical applications and are expected to drive major breakthroughs across multiple sectors, particularly in materials science, finance, and healthcare. However, this technological advancement also poses significant risks to conventional cryptographic systems, necessitating comprehensive national strategies for the adoption of quantum-safe cryptography. This study assesses Thailand’s preparedness for the quantum era in comparison with global initiatives by examining technical, regulatory, and institutional efforts. By incorporating elements of the PRISMA framework, this paper reveals two principal results. First, global efforts primarily focus on cryptographic inventory assessments, quantum risk evaluations, talent development, and regulatory modernization. Second, Thailand has shown an early commitment by formulating strategic roadmaps, supporting quantum research, and launching readiness assessments through initiatives led by national agencies. While certain implementation gaps persist, Thailand demonstrates strong potential to accelerate its transition through coordinated action and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Additionally, this study offers practical recommendations to advance PQC adoption and concludes that, with sustained investment and international cooperation, Thailand is well-positioned to emerge as a regional leader in post-quantum cybersecurity readiness.
Quantum computers are rapidly evolving from theoretical research to practical applications and are expected to drive major breakthroughs across multiple sectors, particularly in materials science, finance, and healthcare. However, this technological advancement also poses significant risks to conventional cryptographic systems, necessitating comprehensive national strategies for the adoption of quantum-safe cryptography. This study assesses Thailand’s preparedness for the quantum era in comparison with global initiatives by examining technical, regulatory, and institutional efforts. By incorporating elements of the PRISMA framework, this paper reveals two principal results. First, global efforts primarily focus on cryptographic inventory assessments, quantum risk evaluations, talent development, and regulatory modernization. Second, Thailand has shown an early commitment by formulating strategic roadmaps, supporting quantum research, and launching readiness assessments through initiatives led by national agencies. While certain implementation gaps persist, Thailand demonstrates strong potential to accelerate its transition through coordinated action and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Additionally, this study offers practical recommendations to advance PQC adoption and concludes that, with sustained investment and international cooperation, Thailand is well-positioned to emerge as a regional leader in post-quantum cybersecurity readiness.
The emergence of quantum computing is set to reshape the landscape of cybersecurity, presenting a blend of significant challenges and groundbreaking opportunities. This paper delves into the growing risks tied to quantum technologies, with a particular focus on post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and the threats posed by the possible obsolescence of traditional cryptographic methods. As quantum computing capabilities advance at a rapid pace, the need for the development of quantum-resistant security protocols has become more urgent than ever. This research investigates the vulnerabilities of current cryptographic systems, the potential dangers posed by quantum computing, and the solutions already available in the field of post-quantum cryptography. Furthermore, the paper outlines a comprehensive framework for cybersecurity solutions that are resilient to future quantum threats, emphasizing the importance of collaboration across academic, industrial, and governmental sectors. By reviewing current literature and technological developments, this paper provides a roadmap for transitioning to quantum-safe security practices, addressing the risks brought on by quantum advancements, and ensuring that critical infrastructure is well-defended against quantum-driven attacks. The findings indicate that while quantum computing introduces profound risks to traditional cybersecurity systems, a proactive, strategic adoption of PQC solutions can effectively protect vital infrastructure in the post-quantum age.
The emergence of quantum computing poses a transformative challenge to established cybersecurity protocols and traditional cryptographic systems, necessitating an urgent transition toward post-quantum cryptography. As quantum threats evolve from theoretical possibilities to practical risks, governments and industrial sectors are increasingly compelled to develop strategies for adopting quantum-resistant algorithms. This paper evaluates the global landscape of post-quantum security, with a specialized focus on the defense strategies adopted by technologically advanced nations. It investigates the efforts of these countries to construct quantum-resilient security architectures while addressing the distinct technical and resource constraints faced by developing nations. A primary contribution of this research is the analysis of the Industry Readiness Assessment Survey, which evaluates organizational awareness and technical preparedness within the specific context of India’s digital and regulatory environment. The findings highlight the critical importance of mitigating "harvest now, decrypt later" threats through international cooperation and the development of sovereign transition plans. By synthesizing empirical survey data with strategic policy analysis, this paper provides a roadmap for securing national interests and ensuring long-term data integrity against future quantum computational capabilities
Quantum computing is advancing rapidly and is expected to reshape the cybersecurity foundations of the financial sector. Modern financial systems rely heavily on classical public-key cryptography such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), which are vulnerable to quantum algorithms capable of breaking current encryption schemes. As these technologies mature, financial institutions face growing pressure to transition toward quantum-resistant security frameworks that can preserve the confidentiality and integrity of financial data. This paper reviews the role of quantum cryptography in finance and describes how governments, regulators, and financial institutions are preparing for the transition to quantum-resilient security systems. Drawing on academic literature, institutional reports, and organizational case studies, the analysis explores the technical, regulatory, and economic factors shaping the adoption of post-quantum security measures across global financial networks. Particular attention is given to hybrid security strategies that combine post-quantum cryptography (PQC) with quantum key distribution (QKD), which are emerging as practical solutions for strengthening communication security while maintaining operational performance. The findings highlight substantial disparities in national and institutional readiness, with higher-income countries and large financial organizations leading pilot programs and infrastructure investments while lower-capacity systems remain dependent on legacy encryption. These differences create uneven levels of protection across interconnected financial networks and increase the risk of systemic vulnerability. The paper concludes that coordinated standards, phased implementation strategies, and sustained investment in technical capacity will be essential for maintaining secure and stable financial systems in the quantum era.
Quantum computing poses an existential threat to public-key cryptography, with Shor's algorithm capable of breaking RSA and elliptic curve systems once cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) emerge. While post-quantum cryptography (PQC) offers algorithmic solutions, organizational readiness extends beyond technical implementation to encompass governance, interoperability, and adaptive capacity. This review synthesizes the quantum threat landscape, evaluates NIST-standardized PQC algorithms through quantitative performance analysis, and examines global standardization dynamics. We introduce a novel Quantum Readiness Maturity Model (QRMM) that enables organizations to assess and advance their preparedness across five dimensions: cryptographic infrastructure, governance frameworks, sectoral adaptation, interoperability resilience, and strategic agility. Applying this model to finance, telecommunications, and defense sectors reveals systematic gaps in migration planning and crypto-agility. Our analysis demonstrates that quantum readiness requires treating cryptographic transformation as a strategic enterprise capability rather than a purely technical upgrade. The proposed framework provides actionable pathways for practitioners while identifying critical research directions in hybrid deployment strategies, post-quantum PKI architectures, and algorithmic diversity.
The imminent emergence of quantum computers poses unprecedented challenges to the current cryptographic standards that secure vital digital communications and data worldwide. This paper addresses the vulnerabilities of existing cryptographic systems susceptible to quantum-based attacks and emphasizes a dedicated transition plan to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We first examine the current state of cryptographic practices, highlight the quantum threat, and present the framework and need for PQC. In addition, a comprehensive strategy is presented that encompasses the identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery phases and integrates PQC into existing security infrastructures, specifically the Cybersecurity Framework Version 2.0 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Methods and technologies discussed include the development of robust PQC algorithms, tools for their large-scale implementation, and hybrid cryptographic systems that combine traditional and quantum-resistant techniques. Practical implementations on various hardware and software platforms are also presented in case studies that provide real-world insight into the challenges and innovations in using PQC. We conclude with a discussion of hybrid approaches, regulatory considerations, and recommendations derived from early adopters to guide future efforts to create a quantum-resilient digital landscape.
This study explores the factors influencing the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) within the Philippine banking industry, a critical sector at risk from the Year-to-Quantum (Y2Q) threat. The threat posed by Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQCs) challenges traditional cryptographic protocols, demanding urgent preparedness. Through the Cryptographic Agility Maturity Model (CAMM), this study evaluates the industry's readiness, revealing a prevailing “L0: Initial/Not Possible” to “L1: Possible” maturity level. Qualitative interviews with five senior bank cybersecurity officers identified key internal challenges, such as distant threat perceptions, lack of cryptographic inventories, and inadequate technical capabilities, alongside external barriers, including limited regulatory guidance and supply-chain unpreparedness. The study highlights actionable enablers, including regulatory guidance, sector-wide collaboration, and public-private partnerships, to accelerate PQC readiness. This foundational research aims to catalyze future initiatives and policies for a quantum-secure financial sector in the Philippines.