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Journal of Quantum Computing and Advanced Algorithms

Improving the Quantum Circuit Problem: A Machine Learning Approach to Gate Depth Prediction Using Linear and Random Forest Regression

Rajendar Dommeti

Published Nov 29, 2025• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques for predicting gate depth in quantum computational systems, focusing on the relationship between quantum circuit parameters and computational performance. Using a dataset of 50 observations encompassing qubit count, gate depth, entanglement rate, and logical error rate, we developed and compared Linear Regression (LR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models for gate depth prediction. The research addresses critical challenges in quantum fault tolerance and circuit optimization, which are essential for achieving scalable quantum computation. Our analysis revealed strong negative correlation (-0.65) between qubit count and logical error rate, while gate depth showed moderate positive correlation (0.62) with error rates. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance with R² values of 0.96068 on training data and 0.87262 on testing data, significantly outperforming Linear Regression (R²: 0.87552 training, 0.60257 testing). Error metrics further confirmed RFR's superiority, achieving RMSE of 2.33 (training) and 2.97 (testing) compared to LR's 4.15 and 5.25 respectively. The study highlights the importance of quantum error correction mechanisms and the inherent trade-offs between circuit complexity and computational reliability. Both models showed expected performance degradation from training to testing, with RFR maintaining better generalization capabilities. These findings contribute to the development of typed models for quantum mechanics in computational applications, offering insights into quantum circuit optimization and fault-tolerant design. The research demonstrates that ensemble methods like Random Forest provide more robust predictions for quantum system parameters, supporting the advancement of practical quantum computing implementations and algorithm development. KeyWords: Quantum Computation, Gate Depth Prediction, Random Forest Regression, Quantum Error Correction, Machine Learning, Fault Tolerance.

DOI
10.55124/jqca.v1i1.103

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This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques for predicting gate depth in quantum computational systems, focusing on the relationship between quantum circuit parameters and computational performance. Using a dataset of 50 observations encompassing qubit count, gate depth, entanglement rate, and logical error rate, we developed and compared Linear Regression (LR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models for gate depth prediction. The research addresses critical challenges in quantum fault tolerance and circuit optimization, which are essential for achieving scalable quantum computation. Our analysis revealed strong negative correlation (-0.65) between qubit count and logical error rate, while gate depth showed moderate positive correlation (0.62) with error rates. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance with R² values of 0.96068 on training data and 0.87262 on testing data, significantly outperforming Linear Regression (R²: 0.87552 training, 0.60257 testing). Error metrics further confirmed RFR's superiority, achieving RMSE of 2.33 (training) and 2.97 (testing) compared to LR's 4.15 and 5.25 respectively. The study highlights the importance of quantum error correction mechanisms and the inherent trade-offs between circuit complexity and computational reliability. Both models showed expected performance degradation from training to testing, with RFR maintaining better generalization capabilities. These findings contribute to the development of typed models for quantum mechanics in computational applications, offering insights into quantum circuit optimization and fault-tolerant design. The research demonstrates that ensemble methods like Random Forest provide more robust predictions for quantum system parameters, supporting the advancement of practical quantum computing implementations and algorithm development. KeyWords: Quantum Computation, Gate Depth Prediction, Random Forest Regression, Quantum Error Correction, Machine Learning, Fault Tolerance.
This study explores the logical aspects of quantum computation through a detailed analysis of key performance parameters, including qubit number, gate depth, entanglement rate, and logical error rate. Using a dataset of 50 quantum circuit observations, we investigate the relationships between these important metrics that determine computational power and system stability. To model gate depth prediction and evaluate quantum system performance, the research uses two machine learning approaches - Gaussian process regression and gradient boosting regression. Statistical analysis reveals significant correlations between the parameters, in particular a strong negative correlation between qubit number and logical error rate (-0.65), and a moderate positive correlation between gate depth and logical error rate (0.62). Both regression models show excellent performance, with Gaussian process regression reaching R² = 0.9776 on the experimental data and gradient boosting regression reaching R² = 0.9436. The findings indicate that while increasing the number of qubits generally reduces logical errors, deep gate circuits introduce additional error sensitivity. The entanglement rates show minimal correlation with other parameters, indicating independent optimization potential. The research contributes to the understanding of quantum computational logic by providing quantitative insights into the parameter relationships essential for fault-tolerant quantum system design. These results have practical implications for quantum algorithm development, circuit optimization, and error correction strategies. The study demonstrates that machine learning approaches can effectively model quantum computational parameters, providing valuable tools to predict system performance and guide quantum hardware development. This work advances the theoretical foundation for scalable quantum computing by elucidating the logical relationships that govern quantum computational processes. Keywords: Quantum Computation, Fault Tolerance, Machine Learning, Quantum Error Correction, Gate Depth Optimization, Qubit Scaling.
This Study explores the logical aspects of quantum computation through a detailed analysis of key performance parameters, including qubit number, gate depth, entanglement rate, and logical error rate. Using a dataset of 50 quantum circuit observations, we investigate the relationships between these important metrics that determine computational power and system stability. To model gate depth prediction and evaluate quantum system performance, the research uses two machine learning approaches - Gaussian process regression and gradient boosting regression. Statistical analysis reveals significant correlations between the parameters, in particular a strong negative correlation between qubit number and logical error rate (-0.65), and a moderate positive correlation between gate depth and logical error rate (0.62). Both regression models show excellent performance, with Gaussian process regression reaching R² = 0.9776 on the experimental data and gradient boosting regression reaching R² = 0.9436. The findings indicate that while increasing the number of qubits generally reduces logical errors, deep gate circuits introduce additional error sensitivity. The entanglement rates show minimal correlation with other parameters, indicating independent optimization potential. The research contributes to the understanding of quantum computational logic by providing quantitative insights into the parameter relationships essential for faulttolerant quantum system design. These results have practical implications for quantum algorithm development, circuit optimization, and error correction strategies. The study demonstrates that machine learning approaches can effectively model quantum computational parameters, providing valuable tools to predict system performance and guide quantum hardware development. This work advances the theoretical foundation for scalable quantum computing by elucidating the logical relationships that govern quantum computational processes. Keywords: Quantum Computation, Fault Tolerance, Machine Learning, Quantum Error Correction, Gate Depth Optimization, Qubit Scaling.
Quantum computing is one of the most advanced technologies which surpasses other conventional approaches in solving complex computations. Evaluation of the system based on the Qubit Count, Gate Fidelity, Decoherence Time, and Computation Efficiency is important. Machine learning algorithms have been used effectively to model these variables. In this research, the importance of computation efficiency modeling within the context of quantum computing is emphasized. Besides, this research has shown some important considerations that influence the performance of the system. Moreover, it has demonstrated the possible application of machine learning algorithms in improving this variable. Support Vector Regression and Random Forest regression models were used in this study to examine the relationship between computation efficiency and other parameters of quantum computing. The performances of the models were evaluated statistically. From the results obtained, the Support Vector Regression model was much more effective than the Random Forest regression model. This is because it provided accurate predictions with negligible prediction errors. This study underscores the usefulness of Support Vector Regression in predicting computation efficiency within the context of quantum computing.
Quantum computing is revolutionizing artificial intelligence (AI) by offering exponential speed-ups for complex computations. Quantum computing differs from classical computing, which uses bits leverages qubits that enable parallelism and superposition. This advancement enhances AI activities including pattern detection, optimization, and deep learning. By integrating quantum computing into AI, researchers aim to achieve superior computational power, driving breakthroughs in fields like healthcare, finance, and cryptography. In AI applications, machine learning techniques are essential., and their efficiency can be significantly improved using quantum computing. Linear Regression predicts continuous values, Random Forest Regression enhances prediction robustness by averaging multiple decision trees, and Support Vector Machines classify data by finding optimal hyperplanes. Quantum computing accelerates these algorithms by reducing computational complexity and improving model accuracy. Key input parameters for evaluating quantum AI performance include Quantum Bit Processing Speed (GHz), which determines data processing rate, Qubit Coherence Time (µs), which affects stability, and Quantum Gate Fidelity (%), which measures the accuracy of quantum operations. These parameters directly influence AI model efficiency and reliability. The AI Performance Score serves as a comprehensive evaluation metric, assessing computational efficiency, prediction accuracy, and overall robustness of quantum AI models. Keywords: Quantum Computing, Machine Learning, Qubit Coherence Time, AI Performance Score
This research paper provides an in-depth examination of verification and testing approaches for quantum circuits, focusing on methodologies essential for ensuring the correctness, reliability and operational efficiency of quantum computing systems. Since quantum circuits function on the fundamental principles of superposition and entanglement, they present verification challenges that cannot be effectively addressed using conventional classical testing techniques. As a result, the development of specialized quantum-specific verification strategies has become critically important. The study highlights simulation-based verification as a foundational technique, wherein the outcomes of quantum circuit simulations are systematically compared with results obtained from physical quantum hardware. This process enables the identification of functional inconsistencies and supports iterative refinement of circuit designs. In addition, randomized benchmarking is examined as a key evaluation method for estimating circuit fidelity and quantifying error rates through the application of random gate sequences and performance comparisons against established benchmarks. To further improve system robustness, the research investigates fault-tolerant mechanisms, particularly quantum error correction codes, which play a vital role in minimizing the effects of noise, decoherence and hardware imperfections. The integration of advanced quantum metrology and characterization techniques is also explored, enabling precise measurement and detailed analysis of quantum system behavior. These techniques provide deeper insights into circuit performance and contribute significantly to validation processes. By combining simulation-based verification, randomized benchmarking, fault-tolerant protocols and quantum metrology, this study proposes a comprehensive and reliable framework for quantum circuit verification and testing. The findings contribute to the advancement of dependable quantum technologies and support their growing applications in areas such as cryptography, materials science and other emerging domains.
Hybridizing machine learning (ML) with quantum computing has become an attractive strategy to increase computational power on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Although these can be potentially quantum advantage devices, their qubit numbers and noise are bounded and there are challenges when it comes to practical quantum circuit realization. This work concentrates on the creation of optimized quantum circuits via ML-based strategies, to enhance the performance of the circuits, to reduce the error rate and to accommodate the particular noise profile of the hardware of NISQ devices. The resulting suboptimal mappings with little or no consideration of noise and hardware topology in traditional quantum compilers can ruin the fidelity of quantum algorithm. Leveraging machine learning, and specifically reinforcement and supervised learning methods, our method learns to optimize compilation strategy for specific quantum hardware architecture. The paper proposes a framework that uses machine learning models to predict qubit mappings, gate decompositions, and transpilation paths that minimize gate depth and error accumulation. We also investigate transfer learning methods for propagating the learned compilation strategies to novel NISQ machines. Such methods are empirically validated on both simulated and real quantum hardware backends, providing evidence of circuit depth, execution time and error reductions. The results show that ML-assisted compilation can achieve better success probabilities for benchmark quantum algorithms like VQE and QAOA than conventional compilers. Furthermore, the work examines the interpretability of ML models providing hardware-aware optimization recommendations and understanding the noise patterns and methods of error correction. Our work highlights the key role of ML for transferring between theoretical quantum algorithms and their practical NISQ implementations. This integration boosts the immediate applicability of existing quantum devices and provides a basis for adaptive and scalable likelihood-based compilation for the era of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Our results motivate further investigation of hybrid classical-quantum workflows, in which ML iteratively improves compilation in accordance with changing hardware noise and capabilities. By improving quantum circuit compilation onNISQ computers, this work is taking steps toward the realization of quantum advantage in application scenarios such as optimization, cryptography, and quantum simulation without needing to wait for fully fault-tolerant large-scale quantum computers.