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Electronic Substitution Mechanism of Electron Tunneling and Industrial Production Guidance(Revised Edition)

Jiaqing Yan

Published May 10, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The traditional quantum tunneling theory, centered on probabilistic penetration, cannot provide intuitive and practical physical guidance for the research and parameter regulation of electron tunneling devices in industrial production. Abandoning the hardly applicable hypothesis of quantum probabilistic penetration, this paper proposes an electron substitution mechanism of tunneling. It clarifies that electron tunneling is not illogical probabilistic penetration, but a physical process in which an incident electron squeezes into the atomic barrier, triggers chain-type electron substitution among atoms, and finally ejects an electron from the other side of the barrier. Protons have their own exclusive Coulomb sphere of influence and impose strict binding on extranuclear electrons; foreign electrons cannot directly pass through the barrier. The essence of tunneling is that incident electrons break local charge balance, weaken proton binding, allow original electrons to escape by inertia, and form chain transmission. This paper focuses on the decisive influence of barrier thickness on electron tunneling, supplements the logic of system charge neutrality balance after electron loss, and applies the mechanism to industrial device production, parameter optimization and process control. It provides clear and executable physical theoretical guidance for the research and production of industrial products such as tunnel diodes, quantum tunneling devices, nano-electronic components and semiconductor chips, solving the industry pain point that traditional theories can only perform mathematical fitting but cannot guide practical processes.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20108457

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The traditional quantum tunneling theory, centered on probabilistic penetration, cannot provide intuitive and practical physical guidance for the research and parameter regulation of electron tunneling devices in industrial production. Abandoning the hardly applicable hypothesis of quantum probabilistic penetration, this paper proposes an electron substitution mechanism of tunneling. It clarifies that electron tunneling is not illogical probabilistic penetration, but a physical process in which an incident electron squeezes into the atomic barrier, triggers chain-type electron substitution among atoms, and finally ejects an electron from the other side of the barrier. Protons have their own exclusive Coulomb sphere of influence and impose strict binding on extranuclear electrons; foreign electrons cannot directly pass through the barrier. The essence of tunneling is that incident electrons break local charge balance, weaken proton binding, allow original electrons to escape by inertia, and form chain transmission. This paper focuses on the decisive influence of barrier thickness on electron tunneling, supplements the logic of system charge neutrality balance after electron loss, and applies the mechanism to industrial device production, parameter optimization and process control. It provides clear and executable physical theoretical guidance for the research and production of industrial products such as tunnel diodes, quantum tunneling devices, nano-electronic components and semiconductor chips, solving the industry pain point that traditional theories can only perform mathematical fitting but cannot guide practical processes.
The mainstream theory describes quantum tunneling as a special quantum behavior in which particles can cross energy barriers, relying on abstract concepts such as wave functions and probability clouds. It can only describe phenomena but cannot achieve precise control, lacking practical engineering guidance value. Abandoning fictional assumptions divorced from objective laws, this paper returns to the basic laws of classical physics and the real structure of matter, demonstrating that the essence of quantum tunneling is an equivalent phenomenon formed by the transmission of electromagnetic forces and relay replacement of electrons in a multi-layer atomic structure. It clarifies that particle collision angle and barrier thickness are the two core factors determining the tunneling success rate. This theory can not only restore the physical essence, but also directly guide practical engineering design and process optimization, realize the controllable utilization of tunneling effect, and has strong practicability and application value.
This paper interprets the essential mechanism of quantum tunneling based on classical physics, pointing out that quantum tunneling is an equivalent phenomenon formed by electron relay replacement and electromagnetic force transmission in multi-layer atomic structures. The impact angle of electrons and the thickness of the potential barrier are the two key factors affecting tunneling probability. This theory abandons the abstract probability explanation of traditional quantum mechanics, and can directly guide the engineering application and precise control of quantum tunneling devices.
This paper proposes a classical alternative explanation for the tunneling effect in quantum mechanics. Standard quantum theory describes tunneling as a particle "penetrating" a potential barrier whose energy exceeds the particle's own kinetic energy with a certain probability. However, this explanation focuses only on the mathematical initial and final states, completely ignoring any dynamical process the electron may undergo before the barrier, and lacks a physical picture. This paper argues that tunneling is not an intrinsic quantum property of a single electron, but rather a collective statistical fluctuation event involving multiple electrons: electrons near the barrier, through a series of random collisions in the correct direction, gradually transfer and concentrate kinetic energy onto the electron closest to the barrier, enabling it to instantaneously acquire kinetic energy exceeding the barrier threshold and thus classically fly over the barrier. During the crossing, the electron must do work against the barrier, converting kinetic energy into potential energy; therefore, after crossing, its kinetic energy is reduced and it cannot cross the same barrier again. Tunneling probability is reinterpreted as the success probability of such a "directed energy relay" event. This model is fully self-consistent within the framework of classical electromagnetism and statistical mechanics, requiring no wave functions or probability waves, with a clear physical picture and explicit causal chain. This paper further points out that under strictly single-electron conditions, this model predicts that tunneling will completely disappear, a prediction that stands in fundamental opposition to the standard quantum model and can serve as a decisive experiment to test the two theories.
The quantum tunneling phenomenon has long been explained by quantum mechanics using abstract concepts such as probability waves and wave function collapse. However, the essence of its microscopic physical mechanism—how and why a particle can traverse a classically forbidden region—has never been clearly elucidated, leading to a schism between the physical laws governing the micro- and macro-worlds. Based on the Great Tao Model and the Unified Theory of Atomic and Molecular Structure, this paper, for the first time, constructs a complete, self-consistent, and quantifiable framework for a classical physical explanation. The core of this framework clarifies the microscopic physical mechanisms of "local weakening of the Existence Field" and "formation of a directional field channel", reducing the tunneling process to a deterministic sequence of events: "information coupling → field weakening → channel formation → classical penetration". The study rigorously derives the quantitative relationships between the field strength weakening coefficient, the field channel width, and the penetration probability. Its mathematical form is compatible with the empirical formula of quantum mechanics, but its physical connotation is fundamentally different. Case studies demonstrate that this theory can uniformly explain the atomic-scale resolution of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the deterministic energy release in α-decay, and the physical necessity for the impossibility of macroscopic object tunneling. Starting from the first principles of classical physics, this paper provides a new paradigm for understanding tunneling that aligns with physical intuition, has a clear mechanism, and is subject to experimental verification, achieving a logical unification of micro- and macro-physical laws.
This paper focuses on the quantum tunneling effect, which describes how a particle may penetrate barriers or obstructions using the Schrödinger equation. If a particle makes a barrier tunneling, it means that a particle with low energy goes through the barrier whose energy level is much higher. It is a basis or background for the entire theory of this part. The particle transport probability is explained using both single- and multi-barrier system models. The paper studies the relationship between barrier parameters and particle transmission probability for both single- and multiple-barrier system models.The aim of the study is the provision of the theoretical devices and algorithms via a quantum operational efficiency.Particularly, the paper deals with the multipath barrier tunneling effect, and it connects the transmission coefficients with the system parameters. The goal of this article is to come up with the new strategies and procedures that one can use the quantum phenomenon of the tunneling effect in the contemporary physical th applications, cutting the gap between theoretical physics and technology.This will be done by studying and analyzing theoretical processes and mathematics of this phenomenon along with the technological applications it has.
The tunnel effect, commonly defined as the phenomenon in which a microparticle overcomes a potential barrier that exceeds its total energy, is often cited in quantum mechanics. However, this effect does not actually occur in its described form in nature, and the quantum mechanical interpretation of tunneling does not accurately represent the real physical processes involved, but rather provides a mathematical model. The true physical mechanism of the tunnel effect remains unidentified. An analysis of the tunnel effect reveals that its manifestation creates a “paradox” in classical physics. Explanations based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the wave nature of particles fail to offer a comprehensive understanding of the actual physical process.This study proposes a new explanation of the tunneling phenomenon based on the principles of classical physics and electrodynamics. It is shown that the overcoming of the Coulomb barrier by low-energy microparticles occurs exclusively due to brief localized decreases in potential within the Coulomb barrier, allowing certain charged microparticles to penetrate. The formation mechanism of these short-lived localized regions, which manifest as volume channels with lower potential within the Coulomb barrier, is examined.It is established that the creation of these channels is linked to the properties of atomic nuclear and their associated electric fields. This facilitates the supra barrier penetration of the Coulomb barrier by individual low-energy microparticles that pass through these channels while experiencing a reduction in their total energy. This explanation resolves the “paradox” of the tunneling effect, eliminating the contradiction with classical physics laws.Moreover, the derived estimates of the tunneling process parameters are in qualitative agreement with the results obtained from quantum-mechanical models. The proposed framework aligns with nuclear physics findings, is supported by experimental evidence, and provides a new mechanism for controlling the tunneling effect in various energy-related applications.