The public usually regards quantum computing as an esoteric and unrealistic cutting-edge technology and struggles to comprehend its internal operating mechanism. From the perspectives of human cognitive limitation, wave function collapse and the parallel evolution of quantum wave superposition, this paper distinguishes the essential difference between classical computing and quantum computing. Human senses can only perceive the macroscopic definite state after wave function collapse, which gives rise to binary 0-1 logic, Boolean rules and classical serial computing. Free from wave function collapse caused by artificial observation, quantum computing follows the intrinsic laws of wave superposition and coherent interference of the universe and possesses the innate endowment of parallel computing. It is further demonstrated that mathematics and geometry are not a priori axiom systems, but simplified expressions abstracted and solidified by humans from the law of cosmic wave superposition. With the help of macroscopic energy conversion and the traditional metaphor of "one day in heaven equals one year on earth", the internal correlation between microscopic quantum evolution and macroscopic space-time perception is connected. The research shows that quantum computing is not a black technology against common sense, but merely returns to the inherent operation rules of underlying wave dynamics in the physical world. Human conventional cognition and classical computing system are only simplified simulation paradigms formed to adapt to the constraints of human perception.
The public usually regards quantum computing as an esoteric and unrealistic cutting-edge technology and struggles to comprehend its internal operating mechanism. From the perspectives of human cognitive limitation, wave function collapse and the parallel evolution of quantum wave superposition, this paper distinguishes the essential difference between classical computing and quantum computing. Human senses can only perceive the macroscopic definite state after wave function collapse, which gives rise to binary 0-1 logic, Boolean rules and classical serial computing. Free from wave function collapse caused by artificial observation, quantum computing follows the intrinsic laws of wave superposition and coherent interference of the universe and possesses the innate endowment of parallel computing. It is further demonstrated that mathematics and geometry are not a priori axiom systems, but simplified expressions abstracted and solidified by humans from the law of cosmic wave superposition. With the help of macroscopic energy conversion and the traditional metaphor of "one day in heaven equals one year on earth", the internal correlation between microscopic quantum evolution and macroscopic space-time perception is connected. The research shows that quantum computing is not a black technology against common sense, but merely returns to the inherent operation rules of underlying wave dynamics in the physical world. Human conventional cognition and classical computing system are only simplified simulation paradigms formed to adapt to the constraints of human perception.
The emergence of quantum computing has prompted researchers to examine potential parallels between quantum mechanical principles and human cognitive processes. This article explores the theoretical framework of quantum cognition, examining how concepts from quantum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement, and measurement, might inform our understanding of human decision-making, memory, and consciousness. While quantum computing operates on fundamentally different physical principles than biological neural networks, the mathematical formalisms of quantum mechanics offer novel perspectives on cognitive phenomena that classical probability theory struggles to explain. This review critically examines the current state of quantum cognition research, its applications in computational modeling, and the ongoing debates regarding the validity of quantum mechanical analogies in psychological theory. The analysis reveals both promising theoretical insights and significant limitations in applying quantum principles to human cognition, highlighting the need for empirical validation and careful distinction between mathematical analogy and physical reality.
Quantum computing operates by manipulating the quantum state of a system to solve problems intractable for classical computing. These problems, previously considered limitations of classical algorithms, have solutions through quantum approaches. Therefore, quantum computing suggests that the complexity of such problems lies in the current epistemic state rather than the objective state of the problem. Computational complexity can be classified into objective and epistemic complexity. Some classical problems exhibiting exponential complexity fall into the epistemic category, as their solutions depend on the current state of human knowledge and available tools. Quantum computing suggests that even mathematics isn’t entirely objective, and mathematics, in one sense, is human-made and a kind of technology, which reflects our intention and planning. Computational complexity, therefore, bridges the objective and subjective. Overcoming classical complexity necessitates advancements in scientific theories, algorithms, and quantum technology, all of which rely on the development of human cognitive abilities. Quantum computing is not just a mathematical construct, but also has physical meaning. If it were purely mathematical, classical physics and systems could potentially achieve the same results. What makes the quantum world special is its empirical nature—the physical reality of quantum chips, quantum algorithms, and quantum evolution. Quantum supremacy, or quantum advantage, refers to the potential superiority of quantum computers over classical ones. Controllable quantum systems offer an overwhelming advantage in terms of manipulation and dominance compared to classical systems. Essentially, quantum computing has the potential to significantly outperform classical computing. Many experts, including Shor, have proposed that quantum computing’s power stems from its ability to perform multiple computations simultaneously—a concept often referred to as the Quantum parallelism thesis. Rather, some argue that the true source of quantum computing acceleration lies in the fundamental differences between classical and quantum logic. However, it’s important to note that quantum logic, while providing a new perspective, does not directly address the core principle of quantum parallelism. This dominance stems from quantum physics’ unique properties: Exponential storage capacity, parallel computing inherent to its nature (ontological), and the ability to perform calculations with exponential speedup through quantum algorithms.
作者:郭洋洋 (Guo Yangyang)ORCID:0009-0006-6669-1790 通讯邮箱:gyy-goes@foxmail.com开源协议:CC BY 4.0发布平台:Zenodo(预印本)发布日期:2026年7月9日学科分类:认知物理学;理论物理基础;数学哲学;感官认知科学;多源感知工程体系归属:郭洋洋全域本源演化体系(GYY-GOES)认知底层分支DOI:10.5281/zenodo.21270121 Author: Guo YangyangORCID: 0009-0006-6669-1790Open Source License: CC BY 4.0Publication Platform: Zenodo (Preprint)Publication Date: July 9, 2026Subject Classification: Cognitive Physics; Foundations of Theoretical Physics; Philosophy of Mathematics; Sensory Cognitive Science; Multi-source Perception EngineeringSystem Affiliation: Cognitive Underlying Branch of Guo Yangyang Grand Origin Evolution System (GYY-GOES)DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21270121 摘要 Abstract 宏观经典物理与微观量子物理的体系割裂,是20世纪以来理论物理的核心难题。现有大一统研究多沿纯数学公式融合路径推进,始终未能突破底层逻辑冲突,其核心原因在于:现有研究默认割裂是宇宙本体的固有属性,从未从「人类感官接收模式决定认知框架」的认识论视角,追溯体系分野的起源。 The systemic rift between macroscopic classical physics and microscopic quantum physics has been a core problem in theoretical physics since the 20th century. Existing grand unification studies mostly follow the pure mathematical formula fusion approach, but have long failed to break through the underlying logical conflicts. The core reason is that existing studies default the division as an inherent property of the universe itself, and have never traced the origin of the systemic divergence from the epistemological perspective that "human sensory reception patterns shape cognitive frameworks". 本文基于第一视角元认知复盘与跨学科溯源,首次系统提出五感-数学-物理一一对应公理体系:将人类空间感知类(视觉、听觉、触觉)与化学感知类(嗅觉、味觉)共五种核心感官,分别对应黎曼/LSG几何、希尔伯特/傅里叶线性空间、离散拓扑几何、量子统计场论、化学热力学五大数学物理分支,证明不同物理体系的分野,本质是人类在不同尺度下被迫采用不同感官探测模式,逐步演化形成的认知结果,而非宇宙本体的天然分裂。本文不否定物理规律的客观实在性,仅从人类认知架构的层面解释现有理论体系的分野成因。 Based on first-person metacognitive review and interdisciplinary tracing, this paper systematically proposes for the first time the one-to-one axiom system of five senses, mathematics and physics: five core human senses, including spatial perception (vision, audition, touch) and chemical perception (olfaction, gustation), correspond to five major mathematical-physical branches respectively: Riemannian/LSG geometry, Hilbert/Fourier linear space, discrete topology geometry, quantum statistical field theory, and chemical thermodynamics. It is proved that the divergence of different physical systems is essentially a cognitive result evolved gradually when humans are forced to adopt different sensory detection modes at different scales, rather than an inherent split of the universe itself. This paper does not deny the objective reality of physical laws, but only explains the causes of the divergence of existing theoretical systems from the perspective of human cognitive architecture. 在此基础上,本文厘清了广义相对论与量子力学的底层认知冲突:前者对应视觉直接观测的几何范式,后者对应听觉式间接探测的波动范式,二者属于不同感官通道下的平行描述,不存在本体层面的矛盾。本文进一步提出「范式映射型大一统」新路径,主张通过建立五套范式的可逆坐标变换规则,实现多尺度、多感官模型的自由切换与交叉校准,而非强行用单一公式吞并所有体系。 On this basis, this paper clarifies the underlying cognitive conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics: the former corresponds to the geometric paradigm of direct visual observation, and the latter corresponds to the wave paradigm of auditory indirect detection. The two are parallel descriptions under different sensory channels, and there is no ontological contradiction. This paper further proposes a new path of "paradigm-mapping grand unification", advocating the establishment of reversible coordinate transformation rules for the five paradigms to realize free switching and cross-calibration of multi-scale and multi-sensory models, rather than forcibly absorbing all systems with a single formula. 该理论不仅从认知根源解释了物理体系割裂的成因,同时可直接落地于多源感知三维重建、自动驾驶、深空探测等工程场景,具备理论与工程双重价值。作为GYY-GOES体系的认知底层模块,本研究为大一统物理理论提供了全新的认知科学视角。 This theory not only explains the causes of the split of physical systems from the cognitive root, but also can be directly applied to engineering scenarios such as multi-source perception 3D reconstruction, autonomous driving, and deep space exploration, with both theoretical and engineering values. As the cognitive underlying module of the GYY-GOES system, this study provides a brand-new cognitive science perspective for the grand unification theory of physics. 关键词:认知物理学;感官范式分野;宏观微观割裂;五感对应公理;多范式融合;GYY-GOES体系 Keywords: Cognitive Physics; Sensory Paradigm Divergence; Macro-Micro Division; Five-sense Correspondence Axiom; Multi-paradigm Integration; GYY-GOES System
Classical computers — the devices on which this article was written and on which you are reading it — operate on a binary logic of 0s and 1s. Every calculation, every image, every piece of music and every financial transaction is ultimately reducible to combinations of these two states. Quantum computers operate on a fundamentally different principle, exploiting quantum mechanical phenomena — superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference — to process information in ways that classical computing cannot replicate at any scale. This is not simply a matter of being faster. Quantum computers are architecturally different from classical computers in a way that makes them uniquely suited to solving specific categories of problems — drug discovery molecular simulation, cryptographic analysis, optimisation problems with millions of variables, and the simulation of quantum systems — that are practically intractable for classical machines. This article provides a scientifically accurate and conceptually accessible explanation of quantum computing, examining the six core concepts that distinguish it: superposition (qubits existing in multiple states simultaneously), entanglement (the correlation of quantum states across physical distance), quantum interference (the amplification of correct answers and cancellation of errors), decoherence (the primary engineering challenge), quantum gates (the operations that replace classical logic gates), and quantum advantage (the specific domains where quantum computing genuinely outperforms classical systems). Drawing on research from IBM Quantum, Google AI's quantum supremacy claims, and the philosophical parallels between quantum non-locality and the Vedantic concept of Akasha (the fifth element of interconnected space), the article makes quantum computing genuinely comprehensible without sacrificing scientific accuracy.
The framework of classical physics encompasses the well-established and complete Helmholtz wave equation. Capable of accurately describing the propagation, interference and diffraction of steady-state harmonic waves such as acoustic and electromagnetic waves at the macroscopic scale, this equation has been validated by centuries of experiments and is widely recognized as a definitive formula in fundamental physics. Nevertheless, conventional physics has long imposed a rigid scope of application. The academic community has always adopted one-dimensional real scalar coordinates for the Helmholtz equation, limiting its use to macroscopic material wave fields, while never attempting to apply it to the microscopic quantum realm or the underlying ontological structure of the universe. Meanwhile, starting from the microscopic mathematical characteristics, Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics derives the uncertainty principle based on the non-commutation relation of matrices. It directly proves that microscopic mechanical quantities cannot be fully represented by real scalars, and that the microscopic universe is inherently governed by matrix-dimensional structures. This is the fundamental reason why numerous paradoxes persist within quantum mechanics under the framework of real coordinates. Addressing the dual limitations of existing physical theories, this paper presents original research. While fully retaining the differential operators, wave constraints and steady-state solution rules of the classical Helmholtz equation, and introducing no new physical constants or artificial auxiliary hypotheses, this work merely replaces the real spatial coordinates X and Y in the equation with second-order two-dimensional linear matrix coordinates. On this basis, a novel theoretical system of two-dimensional linear waves tailored for the microscopic ontology of the universe is independently established. To clarify: classical physics only adopts the Helmholtz wave with real coordinates to interpret macroscopic wave motions. By contrast, the Helmholtz wave model built upon two-dimensional linear matrix coordinates is an exclusive original theory proposed in this paper. It forms a brand-new independent classical system for depicting the true microscopic essence of the universe. Employing rigorously verified classical mathematical and physical tools, including the classical Helmholtz wave principle, Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics, the uncertainty principle, the linear projection theorem and the wave field superposition principle, this paper systematically elaborates the mathematical structure, dimensional properties and evolutionary laws of two-dimensional linear waves. It further reveals the ultimate physical nature of quantum measurement collapse. All substances in the microscopic world exist inherently as two-dimensional linear Helmholtz waves. Human macroscopic perception and detection devices can only process one-dimensional real-valued information. Essentially, the act of observation is not the random collapse of the wave function as defined in standard quantum mechanics. Instead, the observing system actively extracts one degree of freedom from the two-dimensional matrix wave. The remaining single dimension undergoes dimensionality reduction and projection onto the one-dimensional real physical space, giving rise to the apparent phenomenon of localized particles. This original theory explains two core experimental puzzles that have perplexed quantum physics for a century, without logical contradictions or ad hoc supplements. First, continuous observation of the interference pattern in the double-slit experiment collects global steady-state information of the superimposed two-dimensional waves, and no dimensional extraction occurs, so no collapse takes place. Second, when a single photon reaches the human retina or a single-point detector conducts fixed-position detection, the observing system imposes localized boundary conditions to forcibly extract dimensions from the wave field. This projects the two-dimensional wave onto the one-dimensional physical space, which manifests macroscopically as wave function collapse. This research breaks down the barrier between macroscopic classical waves and microscopic quantum phenomena. The proposed original classical model provides a unified interpretation of microscopic effects including wave-particle duality and quantum measurement collapse, offering a new fundamental perspective for the research on the grand unification of fundamental physics.
The irreversibility of the time arrow, the unidirectional evolution of thermodynamic entropy increase, the rationality of parallel timelines and the ultimate question of whether fate is destined have long crossed the fields of physics, cosmology and philosophy, becoming a core issue difficult to unify. The traditional classical physical framework excludes observer consciousness from objective laws and explains time and evolution only from the perspectives of microscopic interaction and macroscopic statistics, leading to logical fragmentation between free will and fatalism, quantum superposition and macroscopic certainty. Taking the symmetry breaking of weak interaction as the microscopic origin of the time arrow, combined with the entropy increase law of the second law of thermodynamics and the quantum wavefunction superposition theory, this paper introduces the conscious observation perspective as the core variable to construct a unified interpretation system connecting microscopic physics, macroscopic evolution and consciousness initiative. This paper demonstrates that weak force symmetry breaking endows the universe with intrinsic time irreversibility, and entropy increase is its macroscopic statistical expression; quantum superposition inherently contains countless parallel timelines, and all possible realities have an existential basis; consciousness does not passively reflect reality, but realizes wavefunction collapse and timeline transition through the switching of observation perspectives; fate is not singly destined, but established possibilities of parallel lines, and consciousness state determines the energy level and order of the timeline where an individual is located. It is further proposed that consciousness can locally achieve negative entropy and reconstruct quantum structures, but cannot stop the overall entropy increase of the universe or violate the law of conservation of energy. Even a highly developed civilization cannot ultimately surpass the ultimate limits of black holes and heat death, and the universe will restart through a new big bang after falling into silence. The laws revealed by physicists are essentially the perception and manifestation of cosmic primordial structure by consciousness. This system is compatible with the basic laws of modern particle physics and thermodynamics, and provides a self-consistent cosmological basis for the influence of mental state on reality trajectory, bridging the theoretical gap between objective physics and subjective consciousness.