Around the half of the population in the world are affected by oral diseases, making it one of the most common health conditions. Quantum implementation in medical domain has revealed its potential and versatile applicability especially in medical imaging. This paper explores oral disease identification using hybrid quantum-classical neural networks (HQCNN) and quantum convolution neural networks (QCNN). Our work investigates the possibilities of quantum machine learning in processing complicated dental image data and the contributions it can make in oral healthcare. We implemented a hybrid and a pure QNN leveraging Qiskit framework and a whole dataset of annotated oral disease dataset. Our 8 qubit structured QCNN model and 2 qubit architecture of HQCNN model extract the image features by encoding the features into quantum circuits enabling more expressive demonstration employing fewer parameters. The final result showcases that QCNN and HQCNN perform better than CNNs in disease classification and promise better accuracy, generalization and computational efficiency. This experiment highlights a pioneering step in applying quantum inspired models for oral diagnostics, identifying promising avenues for improving oral healthcare worldwide.
Around the half of the population in the world are affected by oral diseases, making it one of the most common health conditions. Quantum implementation in medical domain has revealed its potential and versatile applicability especially in medical imaging. This paper explores oral disease identification using hybrid quantum-classical neural networks (HQCNN) and quantum convolution neural networks (QCNN). Our work investigates the possibilities of quantum machine learning in processing complicated dental image data and the contributions it can make in oral healthcare. We implemented a hybrid and a pure QNN leveraging Qiskit framework and a whole dataset of annotated oral disease dataset. Our 8 qubit structured QCNN model and 2 qubit architecture of HQCNN model extract the image features by encoding the features into quantum circuits enabling more expressive demonstration employing fewer parameters. The final result showcases that QCNN and HQCNN perform better than CNNs in disease classification and promise better accuracy, generalization and computational efficiency. This experiment highlights a pioneering step in applying quantum inspired models for oral diagnostics, identifying promising avenues for improving oral healthcare worldwide.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, making early and accurate detection a critical challenge in medicine. Recent advances in quantum computing have opened new avenues for enhancing machine learning techniques in medical imaging and diagnosis. In this work, we apply quantum machine learning models, including Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNN), to the task of breast cancer detection using ultrasound images. We designed and implemented a hybrid pipeline combining classical preprocessing techniques with quantum-enhanced classification. Our experiments were conducted on real medical imaging datasets, and the results demonstrate the potential of quantum approaches to improve diagnostic accuracy over classical baselines. This research lies at the intersection of quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and medical image analysis, and highlights the promise of quantum-enhanced methods in addressing complex healthcare problems.
Deep learning techniques have significantly enhanced medical image classification for disease diagnosis. However, traditional deep learning models face several challenges, such as dependence on large annotated datasets, complex architectural layers, and millions of trainable parameters, which can increase computational load and cause overfitting. Although quantum computing offers potential for parallel processing and improved feature representation, its practical use is limited by the current capabilities of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. To overcome these issues, Hybrid Quantum–Classical Convolutional Neural Networks (HQCNNs) have been developed, using quantum properties like superposition and entanglement to improve feature extraction and classification of medical images. This review offers a thorough analysis of 50 peer-reviewed studies published from 2021 to 2026 and introduces a taxonomy of HQCNN architectures. It classifies existing approaches into three categories: Quantum-to-Classical, Classical-to-Quantum, and Hybrid Quantum Transfer Learning. The studies reviewed encompass a diverse range of medical imaging applications, including binary and multi-class disease classification using X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, dermoscopic, retinal, and mammographic images. Additionally, the review compares HQCNNs with their classical CNN counterparts, exploring how factors like quantum circuit design, dataset size, class imbalance, task complexity, evaluation protocols, and hardware limitations influence classification performance. It concludes with an analysis of the key limitations of current HQCNN models, discusses challenges in deploying NISQ devices practically, and proposes future research directions to bridge the gap between experimental HQCNN frameworks and reliable clinical diagnostic systems.
Medical image classification is a critical component of modern healthcare; however, accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to limited annotated datasets, class imbalance, and the high dimensionality of medical imaging data. To address these challenges, a hybrid quantum-classical neural network (HQCNN) is proposed, integrating classical deep learning with variational quantum learning for medical image classification. The proposed architecture combines a five-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) for hierarchical feature extraction with a lightweight 4-qubit variational quantum circuit (VQC) incorporating quantum state encoding, superposition and entanglement mechanisms, and a quantum attention-Fourier (QAF) module. This hybrid design aims to improve nonlinear feature representation and quantum parameter efficiency while maintaining a shallow quantum circuit suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)-era constraints. Experimental evaluation on six MedMNIST benchmark datasets demonstrated competitive performance across both binary and multi-class classification tasks. HQCNN achieved 98.88% accuracy on the binary subset of PathMNIST (classes 0 vs. 1), 97.61% accuracy on the multi-class OrganAMNIST dataset, and 86.29% accuracy on BreastMNIST. Comparative experiments and statistical analyses demonstrated consistent improvements over the controlled BHQNN baseline, while component-wise ablation studies showed that the QAF module, superposition and entanglement mechanisms, and expressive parameterized rotations contributed to classification performance in a complementary and dataset-dependent manner. Moreover, HQCNN reduced the number of trainable quantum parameters by approximately 55.6% compared with the baseline hybrid quantum neural network (BHQNN). Noise-aware simulations further showed that the model retained relatively stable predictive performance under moderate depolarizing noise, supporting further evaluation under near-term quantum computing conditions. Overall, the results demonstrate that HQCNN provides a parameter-efficient hybrid quantum-classical framework for medical image classification and offers a promising foundation for further investigation of quantum-enhanced medical image analysis.
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases affecting women worldwide, and early detection plays a crucial role in improving survival rates and treatment outcomes.Conventional diagnostic methods such as mammography, ultrasound imaging, and histopathological analysis rely heavily on expert interpretation and classical machine learning techniques.Although classical deep learning models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have demonstrated impressive performance in medical image analysis, they face inherent limitations related to computational complexity, scalability, and the curse of dimensionality when handling large, high-resolution datasets.With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising paradigm capable of addressing these challenges by leveraging quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement.This research explores the application of Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (Quantum CNNs or QCNNs) for breast cancer detection, aiming to enhance classification accuracy while reducing computational overhead.The proposed approach integrates quantum circuits with classical preprocessing techniques to extract discriminative features from breast cancer datasets, such as mammographic or histopathological images.By encoding image features into quantum states and performing convolution operations through parameterized quantum circuits, the Quantum CNN model is designed to learn complex patterns more efficiently than classical counterparts.The study evaluates the effectiveness of Quantum CNNs in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors and compares its performance with traditional CNN models.The findings highlight the potential of Quantum CNNs to revolutionize medical image analysis by offering faster convergence, improved generalization, and robustness against noise.This research contributes to the growing field of quantumassisted healthcare systems and demonstrates how quantum computing can be harnessed to address critical challenges in breast cancer diagnosis.
One of the common and maybe fatal diseases harming women all around, breast cancer is one such condition. Accurate medical image analysis allows for early detection, which can greatly increase survival rates. Although they encounter challenges such as high computational expenses, poor data efficiency, and suboptimal feature extraction, conventional deep learning methods have produced promising results. By using quantum parallelism and entanglement to enable more quick and more complex computations, quantum computing provides a new approach to overcome these limitations. This paper intends to propose a hybrid quantum-classical deep learning model for the identification of breast cancer areas in mammographic images. The proposed method combines a quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) with a classical convolutional neural network (CNN) to benefit from the advantages accompanying both classical and quantum processing. The hybrid model processes the mammogram data using classical pre-processing and quantum convolution layers; classification then follows with fully connected layers followed by classical pooling. The results of the MIAS dataset experiments indicate a classification accuracy of 98.4%, which is superior to the operation of traditional CNN and transfer learning-based models.
Classification of medical images plays a vital role in medical image analysis; however, it remains challenging due to the limited availability of labeled data, class imbalances, and the complexity of medical patterns. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel Hybrid Quantum-Classical Neural Network (HQCNN) for both binary and multi-class classification. The architecture of HQCNN integrates a five-layer classical convolutional backbone with a 4-qubit variational quantum circuit that incorporates quantum state encoding, superpositional entanglement, and a Fourier-inspired quantum attention mechanism. We evaluate the model on six MedMNIST v2 benchmark datasets. The HQCNN consistently outperforms classical and quantum baselines, achieving up to 99.91% accuracy and 100.00% AUC on PathMNIST (binary) and 99.95% accuracy on OrganAMNIST (multi-class) with strong robustness on noisy datasets like BreastMNIST (87.18% accuracy). The model demonstrates superior generalization capability and computational efficiency, accomplished with significantly fewer trainable parameters, making it suitable for data-scarce scenarios. Our findings provide strong empirical evidence that hybrid quantum-classical models can advance medical imaging tasks.