This paper presents a quantitative proof attempt and experimental test program for the previously published Relativistic Temporal Interpretation (RTI) of wave–particle duality and quantum uncertainty. The earlier RTI paper proposed that wave-like and particle-like manifestations may be separated or organized by an effective relativistic temporal distinguishability scale. The present work does not restate the theory from the beginning; instead, it develops testable consequences of that published interpretation. Published complementarity data are mapped into a temporal coherence form, and controlled electron double-slit diffraction is used to derive a falsifiable attosecond-scale crossover prediction. For the 50–62 nm electron slit-width bracket, the model predicts a robust experimental search window of approximately 470–540 eV. Independent attosecond time-domain double-slit experiments are also discussed as supporting evidence that electron interference, which-way information, and attosecond timing can be experimentally connected. The paper concludes that a dedicated electron energy-scan experiment remains required for decisive confirmation.
This paper presents a quantitative proof attempt and experimental test program for the previously published Relativistic Temporal Interpretation (RTI) of wave–particle duality and quantum uncertainty. The earlier RTI paper proposed that wave-like and particle-like manifestations may be separated or organized by an effective relativistic temporal distinguishability scale. The present work does not restate the theory from the beginning; instead, it develops testable consequences of that published interpretation. Published complementarity data are mapped into a temporal coherence form, and controlled electron double-slit diffraction is used to derive a falsifiable attosecond-scale crossover prediction. For the 50–62 nm electron slit-width bracket, the model predicts a robust experimental search window of approximately 470–540 eV. Independent attosecond time-domain double-slit experiments are also discussed as supporting evidence that electron interference, which-way information, and attosecond timing can be experimentally connected. The paper concludes that a dedicated electron energy-scan experiment remains required for decisive confirmation.
This paper presents a finite, regulator-based resolution of wave–particle duality, showing that quantum duality is not a fundamental paradox but a natural consequence of domain separation. Within the Dual Regulator Framework, wave behavior is shown to arise exclusively in the virtual domain (momentum space, off-shell propagation), regulated by the finite invariant Λφ=ln(φ2),\Lambda_\varphi = \ln(\varphi^2),Λφ=ln(φ2), while particle behavior arises exclusively in the real domain (position space, on-shell detection), regulated by the Resolution Gap RG=ln(φ)/ln(π).\mathrm{RG} = \ln(\varphi)/\ln(\pi).RG=ln(φ)/ln(π). The double-slit experiment is reinterpreted as a virtual-domain interference process followed by a real-domain localization event. Which-path detection is shown to force a premature virtual-to-real transition, preventing interference from forming. Partial which-path information produces a quantitative reduction in visibility governed by a finite exponential law. The framework yields explicit, testable predictions with zero adjustable parameters, including: a φ-harmonic correction to interference fringe spacing, a sharp detector-coupling threshold for which-path information, an exact functional form for visibility–distinguishability relations, and scale-dependent corrections for matter-wave interferometry (electrons, neutrons, molecules). All results derive solely from the Trinity constants {π, φ, e}. Complementarity is shown to be a consequence of domain incompatibility, not a primitive principle. Wave–particle duality dissolves into a physically interpretable, observer-independent mechanism. This paper forms Paper II in a planned sequence addressing foundational inconsistencies in quantum field theory, following the finite resolution of the measurement problem.
Young’s double-slit experiment played a crucial role in establishing the wave nature of light. In this chapter, the shocking result that incident electrons yield a similar interference pattern as that formed by light waves is described. It is shown that the only way the experimental results could be explained is via a wave function description of electrons. It is also shown that, in the same experiment, the interference fringes disappear if the which-path information becomes available. This is the essence of wave–particle duality. The first of the Einstein–Bohr debates on wave-particle duality and Bohr’s principle of complementarity in the double-slit experiment is also discussed. Also presented are the counterintuitive notions of delayed choice and quantum eraser effects showing how the availability or erasure of information generated in the future can affect how the data in the present can be interpreted.
Abstract We demonstrate that the interference effects observed in the double-slit experiment can be explained by our recently developed theory of critical relativistic nonlinear fields. Within this framework, there is no mysterious “duality” at all as particles are just field resonances highly localized in space-time that occur as critical transitions in waves initially of infinite spatial and temporal extent. As such, observed wave-like interference effects of ’particles’ in not mysterious, but rather expected.
Optical experiments have produced reliable and diverse records of spatial distributions, localized detection, energy exchange, and conditional statistics. This paper accepts those records and does not attribute the predictive success of quantum theory to cognitive error. Its aim is to audit the reasoning chain from experimental conditions, signal conversion, and instrument records to judgments about wave–particle ontology. The method separately defines source state, process action, process signal, observation signal, recorded data, statistical computation, and model interpretation, then revisits selected cases in that order and recalculates parameters from an atomic wave-packet scattering experiment published in 2025. Period analysis begins with the frequency of a specified signal mode and distinguishes carrier period, wave-packet duration, pulse repetition interval, detector time resolution, event interval, quantum-state occupation, and an observer’s temporal integration. The case audits show that localized clicks and accumulated interference distributions constrain different statistical levels; conditional subsamples in path-marking experiments do not replace the unsorted ensemble; and coherent fractions and path information in atomic wave-packet scattering depend on explicit model mappings. The evidence supports a limited conclusion: experimental records alone do not uniquely entail that light switches between two mutually exclusive ontological identities. Moving from model comparison to a universal ontological judgment requires additional argument. This paper does not claim that signal-identification bias caused the historical development of wave–particle duality, nor does it aim to eliminate quantum probability. The Discussion briefly introduces a candidate process picture in which continuous transmission and localized records coexist. Evidence reliability, scope, and limitations are summarized at the end. The paper closes the logic of the experimental inference chain; it does not provide quantitative constitutive closure for the candidate explanation.
Abstract Young’s double-slit experiment played a crucial role in establishing the wave nature of light. In this chapter, the shocking result that incident electrons yield a similar interference pattern as that formed by light waves is described. It is shown that the only way the experimental results could be explained is via a wavefunction description of electrons. It is also shown that the interference fringes disappear if the which-path information becomes available. This is the essence of wave–particle duality. The first of the Einstein–Bohr debates on wave–particle duality and Bohr’s principle of complementarity in the double-slit experiment are also discussed. The counterintuitive notions of delayed choice and quantum eraser effects showing how the availability or erasure of information generated in the future can affect how the data in the present can be interpreted are presented. Quantum interference is responsible for novel phenomena like interaction-free measurement and counterfactual communication.
A new scheme for a double-slit experiment in the time domain is presented. Phase-stabilized few-cycle laser pulses open one to two windows (slits) of attosecond duration for photoionization. Fringes in the angle-resolved energy spectrum of varying visibility depending on the degree of which-way information are measured. A situation in which one and the same electron encounters a single and a double slit at the same time is observed. The investigation of the fringes makes possible interferometry on the attosecond time scale. From the number of visible fringes, for example, one derives that the slits are extended over about 500 as.