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Chemical Physics

A dissipative qubit-optical cavity quantum system: Effects of the temperature and coupling strengths

Mohamed Barhoumi, Riccardo Bassoli, Frank H. P. Fitzek

Published May 6, 2026• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.chemphys.2026.113254

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Abstract One of the most attractive systems for scalable quantum processing is the trapped atom in the optical cavity, which is easily manipulable with lasers. The qubit-cavity system represents an attractive structure for quantum optics, with possibilities for applications in quantum detecting, quantum computation, and quantum communication. Also, the investigation of the cavity-atom system under temperature is a fundamental concept in quantum optics and quantum information science. Here we continue in this quantum way, investigating different qubit(s)-cavity systems (where we increase the numbers of the qubit inside the optical cavity from one to four). Employing the Dicke model, we calculate the cavity ground state occupation probability ⟨â † ˆ a⟩ and the expectation values ⟨Jz⟩ for each system. We find that these probabilities increase when the coupling 1 strength Cs increases. This leads to reaching the ultra-strong coupling regime, which depends on the numbers of the qubits. To describe the quantum state, we examine the cavity Wigner function WF as a function of the coupling strength Cs. Under the same parameters (e.g., Cs and the dissipation rates), we obtain that the separation of the quantum state in the WFs representation is different from one system to another. Furthermore, since understanding these kinds of systems is very important in order to improve the quantum network system, we study the entropy S of the subsystems (like S of qubit) in each system. Also, we move beyond by studying the effect of the temperature on the Fock-state distribution occupation probability and entropy of the subsystems. Our outcomes present another step to understanding the qubit(s)-cavity interaction to improve the performance of the future quantum networks based on this system.
We investigate theoretically the generation of indistinguishable single photons from a strongly dissipative quantum system placed inside an optical cavity. The degree of indistinguishability of photons emitted by the cavity is calculated as a function of the emitter-cavity coupling strength and the cavity linewidth. For a quantum emitter subject to strong pure dephasing, our calculations reveal that an unconventional regime of high indistinguishability can be reached for moderate emitter-cavity coupling strengths and high-quality factor cavities. In this regime, the broad spectrum of the dissipative quantum system is funneled into the narrow line shape of the cavity. The associated efficiency is found to greatly surpass spectral filtering effects. Our findings open the path towards on-chip scalable indistinguishable-photon-emitting devices operating at room temperature.
The investigation of the dissipative qubit (atom) cavity system has opened up new possibilities for the development of quantum technology. Nevertheless, the understanding of this system is still poor. Also, the integration of qubit-cavity into 5G networks is still in its early stages, where the combination of 5G and quantum technology can revolutionize various sectors, including the Internet of Things IoT. Here we study a dissipative qubit-cavity quantum system, where we compute the time evolution of the excitation probabilities of the cavity and qubit as a function of the coupling strength and under the dissipation rates. To understand various processes, the study of the temperature in a cavity atom system is required. The time-evolution of the occupation probability of the cavity and qubit is achieved under different temperatures. Moreover, we examine the Wigner function at different times and under different temperatures. We demonstrate that the appearance of separation of the quantum state in WF representations depends on the coupling strength. The findings have important significance for quantum technology, including quantum information processing. Thus, we suggest an implementable schematic (network architecture based on the entangled photons) for explaining how to link cavities to a real 5G network. In this quantum route, we present a model of how time synchronization can be measured by employing quantum synchronization and integrating it into the existing 5G network.