The article develops a comprehensive threat model for hybrid quantum-secured communication channels of corporate networks operating under conditions of multi-vector cyberattacks and highly dynamic threat scenarios.An analysis of the vulnerabilities of the electronic communication infrastructure is conducted, taking into account the synergistic interaction of classical cryptographic protocols, post-quantum cryptographic protection algorithms, and quantum key distribution technologies.Special attention is paid to the investigation of attack vectors aimed at compromising the processes of key information management, authentication, and the establishment of secure connections in hybrid network environments.A multi-level classification of threats is proposed, covering the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers of the OSI model, as well as a separate category of threats caused by the use of quantum computing resources by a potential attacker.Specific attack scenarios are considered, including quantum-enhanced cryptanalytic methods, attacks on the hardware implementation of quantum protocols, the compromise of trusted nodes, and the impact on key distribution channels.The paper analyzes software and hardware mechanisms for ensuring the cryptographic strength and fault tolerance of hybrid communication channels, in particular, mechanisms for dynamic key information management, the integration of quantum key distribution protocols into corporate telecommunication environments, and the application of post-quantum cryptographic primitives to protect control and user data.Architectural solutions are proposed for the orchestration of cryptographic services, security status monitoring, and adaptive reconfiguration of security mechanisms in real time.Based on the obtained results, a generalized protection model for hybrid quantum-secured communication channels is formed, aimed at increasing the level of information security, cyber resilience, and the continuity of corporate networks functioning under the conditions of complex combined attacks and the transition to the quantum computing era.
The article develops a comprehensive threat model for hybrid quantum-secured communication channels of corporate networks operating under conditions of multi-vector cyberattacks and highly dynamic threat scenarios.An analysis of the vulnerabilities of the electronic communication infrastructure is conducted, taking into account the synergistic interaction of classical cryptographic protocols, post-quantum cryptographic protection algorithms, and quantum key distribution technologies.Special attention is paid to the investigation of attack vectors aimed at compromising the processes of key information management, authentication, and the establishment of secure connections in hybrid network environments.A multi-level classification of threats is proposed, covering the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers of the OSI model, as well as a separate category of threats caused by the use of quantum computing resources by a potential attacker.Specific attack scenarios are considered, including quantum-enhanced cryptanalytic methods, attacks on the hardware implementation of quantum protocols, the compromise of trusted nodes, and the impact on key distribution channels.The paper analyzes software and hardware mechanisms for ensuring the cryptographic strength and fault tolerance of hybrid communication channels, in particular, mechanisms for dynamic key information management, the integration of quantum key distribution protocols into corporate telecommunication environments, and the application of post-quantum cryptographic primitives to protect control and user data.Architectural solutions are proposed for the orchestration of cryptographic services, security status monitoring, and adaptive reconfiguration of security mechanisms in real time.Based on the obtained results, a generalized protection model for hybrid quantum-secured communication channels is formed, aimed at increasing the level of information security, cyber resilience, and the continuity of corporate networks functioning under the conditions of complex combined attacks and the transition to the quantum computing era.
The dynamic growth in the dependence of numerous industrial sectors, businesses, and critical infrastructure on infocommunication technologies necessitates the enhancement of their resilience to cyberattacks and radio-frequency threats. This article addresses a relevant scientific and applied issue, which is to formulate prospective directions for improving the effectiveness of cybersecurity approaches for infocommunication networks through a comparative analysis and logical synthesis of the state-of-the-art of applied research on cyber threats to the information security of mobile and satellite networks, including those related to the rapid development of quantum computing tech-nologies. The article presents results on the systematisation of cyberattacks at the physical, signalling and cryptographic levels, as well as threats to cryptographic protocols and authentication systems. Particular attention is given to the prospects for implementing post-quantum cryptography, hybrid cryptographic models and the integration of threat detection mechanisms based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. The article proposes a classification of current threats according to architectural levels, analyses typical protocol vulnerabilities in next-generation mobile networks and satellite communications, and identifies key research gaps in existing cybersecurity approaches. Based on a critical analysis of scientific and applied literature, this article identifies key areas for future research. These include developing lightweight cryptographic algorithms, stand-ardising post-quantum cryptographic models, creating adaptive cybersecurity frameworks and optimising protection mechanisms for resource-constrained devices within information and digital networks.
The article investigates the problem of ensuring cryptographic stability of information and communication systems in the conditions of increasing intensity of cyber threats and development of quantum computing, which reduces the efficiency of classical cryptographic algorithms. An analysis of modern approaches to the application of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms was conducted, which showed their predominantly static nature of use without taking into account the dynamics of changes in the operating environment, risk level and attack parameters. The need to develop adaptive mechanisms for selecting cryptographic algorithms capable of providing an appropriate level of protection in conditions of changing threats was substantiated. A model for dynamic selection of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms based on an integral assessment of efficiency and risk is proposed, which allows taking into account both the technical characteristics of the algorithms (speed, cryptographic stability, resource intensity) and the current state of system security. An integral efficiency indicator and a risk function are introduced within the model, which are formed taking into account the level of vulnerabilities, threat intensity and criticality of information resources. An adaptation mechanism is implemented, which provides automatic review and selection of the optimal algorithm depending on the change in risk in real time. The results of the study indicate that the use of the proposed model creates the prerequisites for increasing the level of cryptographic protection, provides a formalized basis for adaptive management of the system's functioning, and allows for reasonable optimization of the use of computing resources. The results obtained confirm the scientific novelty and practical feasibility of implementing adaptive approaches to cryptographic protection of information and communication systems. Keywords: post-quantum cryptography, information and communication systems, cryptographic protection, integral risk assessment, adaptive model, dynamic algorithm selection, cybersecurity
With the rapid development of quantum technologies and the growth of complex cyber threats, it is particularly important to create reliable data protection methods that can guarantee the unconditional security of transmitted information.Quantum cryptography works based on stuff like superposition (the ability of particles to be in several states at once), quantum entanglement (how they're connected from a distance), and the fact that it's impossible to exactly copy or change a quantum state.The application of these principles makes it possible to implement quantum key distribution, which ensures the detection of any interference in the communication channel and makes it impossible to intercept information unnoticed.The article analyzes the most well-known quantum cryptographic protocols, in particular BB84 and E91, their architecture, principles of operation, and features of implementation in military conditions.The composition of typical quantum protection systems is considered: light pulse sources, channels for transmitting quantum data, devices for receiving them, information processing modules, and conventional communication channels for control.The issues of compatibility of quantum solutions with the existing infrastructure of military telecommunications systems are considered, and the prospects for hybrid cryptographic models combining quantum and post-quantum approaches are analyzed.A comparative analysis of traditional and quantum cryptography is carried out according to criteria such as reliability, scalability, resistance to attacks, and development potential.The main advantages of using quantum cryptography in the defense sector are highlighted, in particular, ensuring a secure command communication channel, protecting navigation and telemetry systems, and the secure operation of distributed networks in combat conditions.Examples of international developments and research are considered, in particular, the DARPA Quantum Network, the Chinese Micius satellite, and EU projects within the Quantum Flagship initiative.These examples demonstrate the interest of leading countries in introducing quantum technologies into the field of national security.The potential of quantum cryptography as a means of updating and strengthening the cyber defense system in № 8(49) 2025 1018 the defense sector has been identified, taking into account both current challenges and future threats in the digital environment.
This article investigates methods for ensuring the quantum-adaptive security of hybrid cryptographic protocols in next-generation networks. 5G/6G and IoT networks necessitate the integration of classical and post-quantum algorithms. However, standard protocols combining ECDH with CRYSTALS-Kyber or CRYSTALS-Dilithium require formal security assessments. Current approaches primarily consider non-adaptive quantum adversaries, which limits their practical applicability in multi-session and dynamic environments. The paper proposes a model of a quantum-adaptive adversary. This model integrates the adversary's classical and quantum resources, an adaptive attack strategy, and a quantum-accessible oracle. It allows for the formalization of superposition queries and multi-step interactions with the protocol. A mathematical model of a hybrid handshake protocol is introduced, where the session key is formed by combining classical and post-quantum components via a Key Derivation Function. An upper bound for the adversary's advantage is derived, accounting for both the classical and post-quantum components of the protocol. To enhance resilience, three primary methods are proposed. The first is downgrade-resistant fixation of protocol parameters with cryptographic confirmation. The second is dynamic management of key parameters and cryptographic primitives based on an integrated risk function, which accounts for the adversary's quantum resources, network load, and attack activity. The third is compositional protocol verification considering multi-session and multi-level handshake phases, enabling the formalization of composability and the assessment of multi-level resilience. An integral metric of quantum-adaptive resilience is proposed, accounting for security, complexity, and adaptability. The results provide a scientific foundation for “harvest-now, decrypt-later” risk analysis.
Abstract The use of quantum technologies in the modern world poses significant challenges to the security of critical information infrastructure, which underpins key sectors such as healthcare, energy, transportation, and communications. Cryptographic algorithms like RSA and ECC, long considered reliable, have lost their resilience in the face of quantum computing capabilities, making the search for modern solutions to ensure data protection a top priority. The main risks posed by quantum computers include the potential compromise of encryption algorithms, disruption of data integrity, and destabilization of critical system operations. The methodological foundation of this study is based on the analysis of 318 sources from international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. From this body of literature, 24 publications most relevant to the topic were selected. A comparative method was employed to analyze classical and quantum threats. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of quantum attacks on the security of critical information infrastructure (CII) at the current level and propose pathways for transitioning to quantum-resilient solutions. The results emphasize the necessity of implementing innovative cryptographic approaches, such as lattice-based and code-based algorithms, as well as combined (hybrid) technologies. Successful protection of the infrastructure requires a systematic approach, including a comprehensive audit of existing systems, training of specialists, and the removal of technical and regulatory barriers. The developed step-by-step plan minimizes risks and establishes a foundation for the secure implementation of new standards.
Quantum cryptography has emerged as a revolutionary technology for ensuring secure communication in the era of quantum computing. While existing research primarily focuses on theoretical frameworks and small-scale experimental setups, significant challenges remain in practical implementation, scalability, and security vulnerabilities. This study aims to bridge the gap between theory and real-world deployment by developing robust quantum cryptographic protocols that address key challenges such as noise management, side-channel attacks, and Trojan horse attacks. Additionally, we propose an optimized quantum key distribution (QKD) mechanism that ensures secure communication over long distances under realistic conditions. Our research integrates post-quantum cryptography with quantum cryptographic techniques to provide a hybrid security model that is resilient against both classical and quantum computing threats. By leveraging commercially available quantum hardware and advanced randomness extraction methods, this study contributes to the development of scalable, secure, and efficient quantum communication networks. The findings of this research will play a crucial role in advancing secure digital communication systems and fortifying data security in the post-quantum era.