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International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Framework for Secure Military and Strategic Communication Networks

L. Sherin Beevi, Ponsy R. K. Sathia Bhama, P. M. Joe Prathap, W Vinil Dani, A. Sumithra

Published Mar 11, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/esci68015.2026.11493240

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This paper proposes a quantum key distribution (QKD) based hybrid communication system for enhancing security in tactical military networks. Modern military communication networks face complex threats including jamming, eavesdropping, and potential cryptanalysis by quantum computers, necessitating a new security framework that combines quantum and classical cryptography. This study implements the BB84 protocol using the PennyLane quantum computing framework and quantitatively evaluates the effects of interception probability and channel noise on both the estimated Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and the resulting secure key length after privacy amplification. Experimental results confirm that the session abort rate increases sharply as QBER approaches/exceeds the 11% threshold, and the secure key budget degrades to near-zero in high-threat conditions, which directly limits application-layer encryption continuity. By applying the generated quantum keys to AES-256-GCM encryption, we validate end-to-end hybrid operation and report system-level metrics such as the number of usable 256-bit keys per session and the corresponding rekeying capacity under varying threat and noise conditions.
Quantum Key Distribution Networks (QKDNs) rely on strategic trusted node deployment to overcome distance constraints and enable large-scale quantum-secured communication. We introduce OptiNode, a novel algorithm that determines, using Machine Learning (ML) techniques, the optimal placement of trusted nodes within QKDNs. Leveraging an analytical framework and Bayesian-optimized k-means clustering, OptiNode balances operational feasibility with communicational efficiency using only fixed node positions, which are to be connected, and their expected secure traffic as inputs. An empirical evaluation confirms the algorithm's effectiveness in generating deployable topologies. Our work paves the way for building efficient and high performance QKDN.
The rapid advancement of digital technologies, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT) and quantum computing (QC), is reshaping modern military operations by enhancing real-time data collection, autonomous decision-making, and situational awareness. IoT-enabled systems, such as UAVs, battlefield sensors, and smart logistics, provide military forces with operational superiority but also introduce significant cybersecurity risks, including espionage, cyber sabotage, and unauthorized access. The emergence of QC further complicates this landscape, as quantum algorithms can break traditional encryption protocols, threatening the security of military communications and IoT infrastructure. However, quantum technologies also offer revolutionary cybersecurity solutions, such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), which leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication. Despite these advancements, challenges such as the technological maturity of quantum solutions, high implementation costs, and global competition in quantum research pose obstacles to widespread military adoption. This chapter explores the interplay between QC and military IoT security, addressing both the vulnerabilities of IoT systems and the potential of quantum-enhanced security frameworks. By integrating quantum-safe cryptographic techniques, defence organizations can fortify military IoT infrastructure, mitigate cyber threats, and maintain strategic superiority in an era of increasing digital warfare.