Laser phase noise in Rydberg atom arrays

We propose a parity-controlled gate within a two-dimensional Rydberg atom array, enabling efficient discrimination between even and odd parities of virtually excited control atoms by monitoring the dynamic evolution of an auxiliary atom. This is achieved through the use of spin-exchange dipolar interactions between Rydberg states and coupling between ground states and Rydberg states. For practical applications, we explore its implementation in three-qubit repetition codes and rotated surface codes featuring $XZZX$ stabilizers, enabling single-shot readout of stabilizer measurements. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed approach, taking into account potential experimental imperfections such as unwanted interactions between Rydberg states, atomic position fluctuations, laser phase noise, and Rabi amplitude noise. Our study highlights the inherent advantages of the physical mechanisms underlying parity measurement, demonstrating its reliability and practicality. These findings establish our protocol as a highly promising solution for quantum error detection and computation within Rydberg atom systems, with significant potential for future experimental realizations.We propose a parity-controlled gate within a two-dimensional Rydberg atom array, enabling efficient discrimination between even and odd parities of virtually excited control atoms by monitoring the dynamic evolution of an auxiliary atom. This is achieved through the use of spin-exchange dipolar interactions between Rydberg states and coupling between ground states and Rydberg states. For practical applications, we explore its implementation in three-qubit repetition codes and rotated surface codes featuring $XZZX$ stabilizers, enabling single-shot readout of stabilizer measurements. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed approach, taking into account potential experimental imperfections such as unwanted interactions between Rydberg states, atomic position fluctuations, laser phase noise, and Rabi amplitude noise. Our study highlights the inherent advantages of the physical mechanisms underlying parity measurement, demonstrating its reliability and practicality. These findings establish our protocol as a highly promising solution for quantum error detection and computation within Rydberg atom systems, with significant potential for future experimental realizations.

arXiv:2405.19564Physical Review AFeb 11, 202512 citations

Adiabatic state preparation and thermalization of simulated phase noise in a Rydberg spin Hamiltonian

Tomas Kozlej, G. Pelegrí, Jonathan D. Pritchard +1 more

Laser phase noise is one of the main sources of decoherence in driven Rydberg systems with neutral atoms in tweezer arrays. While the effect of phase noise in the regimes of isolated qubits and few-qubit gate protocols has been studied extensively, there are open questions about the effects of this noise on many-body systems. In many scenarios, the effects of noise cannot simply be described by an increase in the energy or temperature of the system, leading to non-trivial changes in the state and relevant correlations. In this work, we use stochastic sampling to simulate laser phase noise based on experimentally relevant spectral densities. We explore the impact of this noise on adiabatic state preparation in a one-dimensional system, discussing the interplay between heating and interactions during dynamics. We find that for certain adiabatic processes, the noise can be seen to approximately thermalize in terms of its effects on relevant correlation functions.Laser phase noise is one of the main sources of decoherence in driven Rydberg systems with neutral atoms in tweezer arrays. While the effect of phase noise in the regimes of isolated qubits and few-qubit gate protocols has been studied extensively, there are open questions about the effects of this noise on many-body systems. In many scenarios, the effects of noise cannot simply be described by an increase in the energy or temperature of the system, leading to non-trivial changes in the state and relevant correlations. In this work, we use stochastic sampling to simulate laser phase noise based on experimentally relevant spectral densities. We explore the impact of this noise on adiabatic state preparation in a one-dimensional system, discussing the interplay between heating and interactions during dynamics. We find that for certain adiabatic processes, the noise can be seen to approximately thermalize in terms of its effects on relevant correlation functions.

arXiv:2505.04595May 7, 20250 citations

Effect of atom motion in Rydberg-atom arrays

Zewen Zhang, Ming Yuan, Bhuvanesh Sundar +1 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 3, 20210 citations

Enhancing Sensitivity of Atomic Microwave Receivers Based on Optimal Laser Arrays

Bo Wu, Ruiqi Mao, Di Sang +5 more

Rydberg atom, which exhibits a strong response to weak electric fields, is regarded as a promising atomic receiver to surpass the sensitivity of conventional receivers. However, its sensitivity is strongly limited by the noise coming from both classical and quantum levels, and how to enhance it significantly remains challenging. In theory, we aim to optimize the laser array, highlighting the importance of coherence among microwave signals and the uniformity of laser beam power within the array, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and elevate sensitivity to a new standard. To enhance practical application mobility and integration, we propose two optimization schemes: a six-port fiber-coupled vapor cell probe array and cascaded diffraction gratings. We maintain steady MW signal coherence in the laser array by using identical vapor cells and positioning the probe lasers on the incident wave’s equal phase plane. Our findings reveal that the wavefront phase difference for the six-port fiber-coupled vapor cell array is 10°, while the cascaded diffraction gratings show a 16° difference, with laser intensity uniformity reaching 90.4%. In our experiment, a 4.6-dB SNR enhancement was achieved by utilizing the cascaded diffraction gratings to generate $2 \times 2$ probe laser arrays compared to the performance of a laser beam, which can be enhanced further just by adding more laser beams. In particular, a $2 \times 2$ laser array experimental verification yielded $19~\text {nv/cm}/\sqrt {\textrm {Hz}}$ @8.57 GHz. More importantly, the intermediate signals of the laser array maintain coherence. Therefore, SNR improvement is allowed even in detecting weak target signals amid strong noise and clutter. The results could offer an avenue for the design and optimization of ultrahigh-sensitivity Rydberg atomic receivers and promote applications in cosmology, meteorology, communication, and MW quantum technology.Rydberg atom, which exhibits a strong response to weak electric fields, is regarded as a promising atomic receiver to surpass the sensitivity of conventional receivers. However, its sensitivity is strongly limited by the noise coming from both classical and quantum levels, and how to enhance it significantly remains challenging. In theory, we aim to optimize the laser array, highlighting the importance of coherence among microwave signals and the uniformity of laser beam power within the array, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and elevate sensitivity to a new standard. To enhance practical application mobility and integration, we propose two optimization schemes: a six-port fiber-coupled vapor cell probe array and cascaded diffraction gratings. We maintain steady MW signal coherence in the laser array by using identical vapor cells and positioning the probe lasers on the incident wave’s equal phase plane. Our findings reveal that the wavefront phase difference for the six-port fiber-coupled vapor cell array is 10°, while the cascaded diffraction gratings show a 16° difference, with laser intensity uniformity reaching 90.4%. In our experiment, a 4.6-dB SNR enhancement was achieved by utilizing the cascaded diffraction gratings to generate$2 \times 2$probe laser arrays compared to the performance of a laser beam, which can be enhanced further just by adding more laser beams. In particular, a$2 \times 2$laser array experimental verification yielded$19~\text {nv/cm}/\sqrt {\textrm {Hz}}$@8.57 GHz. More importantly, the intermediate signals of the laser array maintain coherence. Therefore, SNR improvement is allowed even in detecting weak target signals amid strong noise and clutter. The results could offer an avenue for the design and optimization of ultrahigh-sensitivity Rydberg atomic receivers and promote applications in cosmology, meteorology, communication, and MW quantum technology.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and PropagationOct 31, 202434 citations

XZZX

stabilizers, enabling single-shot readout of stabilizer measurements. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed approach, taking into account potential experimental imperfections such as unwanted interactions between Rydberg states, atomic position fluctuations, laser phase noise, and Rabi amplitude noise. Our study highlights the inherent advantages of the physical mechanisms underlying parity measurement, demonstrating its reliability and practicality. These findings establish our protocol as a highly promising solution for quantum error detection and computation within Rydberg atom systems, with significant potential for future experimental realizations.

2 \times 2

probe laser arrays compared to the performance of a laser beam, which can be enhanced further just by adding more laser beams. In particular, a

2 \times 2

laser array experimental verification yielded

19~\text {nv/cm}/\sqrt {\textrm {Hz}}

@8.57 GHz. More importantly, the intermediate signals of the laser array maintain coherence. Therefore, SNR improvement is allowed even in detecting weak target signals amid strong noise and clutter. The results could offer an avenue for the design and optimization of ultrahigh-sensitivity Rydberg atomic receivers and promote applications in cosmology, meteorology, communication, and MW quantum technology.