Traditional quantum field theory, which regards fields as spacetime-pervading physical entities and particles as their excitations, faces three dilemmas: lower organizational efficiency than the "1/4πr² perceptual cross-section" collinear interaction, inability to explain force characteristics (e.g., vector superposition, action-at-a-distance) conflicting with quantum entanglement, and unclear field dynamic origin and coupling constant source. It also has redundant driving forces, using force, energy, momentum, etc., alternately, violating logical consistency and reflecting ununified underlying dynamic principles. Based on the information dynamics evolution theory framework, this paper holds that particles and their internal structures are the only physical entities, fields are evolution rule sets, and the universe is a relational state evolution system consisting of m₀, c, and R. Core conclusions: (1) Momentum units are the only underlying resources, c is the only dynamic driving force, with energy = momentum = force = m·c in eigenstate; (2)Particles form via multi-momentum unit cooperative encapsulation; (3) Fields are constraint rule sets, and the four fundamental forces are particle interaction protocols; (4) Quantum uncertainty is a macroscopic observation aliasing effect, with underlying strict causal determinism. This paper establishes core mechanisms such as momentum topological coding, reveals the underlying coding logic of basic physical quantities, and provides a complete framework for unifying quantum mechanics and relativity and reconstructing deterministic quantum theory.
Traditional quantum field theory, which regards fields as spacetime-pervading physical entities and particles as their excitations, faces three dilemmas: lower organizational efficiency than the "1/4πr² perceptual cross-section" collinear interaction, inability to explain force characteristics (e.g., vector superposition, action-at-a-distance) conflicting with quantum entanglement, and unclear field dynamic origin and coupling constant source. It also has redundant driving forces, using force, energy, momentum, etc., alternately, violating logical consistency and reflecting ununified underlying dynamic principles. Based on the information dynamics evolution theory framework, this paper holds that particles and their internal structures are the only physical entities, fields are evolution rule sets, and the universe is a relational state evolution system consisting of m₀, c, and R. Core conclusions: (1) Momentum units are the only underlying resources, c is the only dynamic driving force, with energy = momentum = force = m·c in eigenstate; (2)Particles form via multi-momentum unit cooperative encapsulation; (3) Fields are constraint rule sets, and the four fundamental forces are particle interaction protocols; (4) Quantum uncertainty is a macroscopic observation aliasing effect, with underlying strict causal determinism. This paper establishes core mechanisms such as momentum topological coding, reveals the underlying coding logic of basic physical quantities, and provides a complete framework for unifying quantum mechanics and relativity and reconstructing deterministic quantum theory.
For a long time, classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics have been self-consistent within their respective fields, but their underlying logic remains ununified. This has led to the reality paradox of micro-particles "being in different spacetimes simultaneously" and unclear applicability boundaries among the three theories. Based on the Unified Cosmic Mechanics Evolution Theory, this paper concludes that the universe is a relational state evolution system, and the only physical reality is the momentum unit (m₀c), including the mass carrier m₀, the driving rate c, and vector superposition ability, with interaction strength determined by the perceptual cross-section. All particles are encapsulated by momentum units: fermions in a spherically symmetric vector superposition state, photons in a co-directional evolution state. Quantum entanglement is stable cooperative evolution between multi-layer encapsulations. The field is a set of rules constraining encapsulation, perception, and interaction. Particles can present three states: collapsed, diffused, and fluid. Thus, the probabilistic wave evolution of particles is not a mathematical fiction, but a deterministic dynamic process jointly determined by internal momentum flow and external causal interaction. The prediction of wave behavior is essentially the unified description of total momentum flow, internal self-constraint, and external causal interaction, consistent with the research direction of realist quantum mechanics.
Traditional quantum mechanics interprets quantum entanglement as non-local statistical correlation, but fails to answer the underlying physical mechanism of entanglement: what "maintains" the correlation between entangled particles? Why can this correlation transcend spatial distance? Based on the framework of the Unified Cosmic Mechanics Evolution Theory, this paper proposes that the essence of quantum entanglement is an inline perception protocol that maintains the coordinated evolution of multiple momentum units. The core conclusions include: (1) The core role of quantum entanglement is to support the conservation of carrier angular momentum, which is the fundamental premise for particles to realize spin and macroscopic rotation — a single momentum unit cannot rotate, and "rotatability" is an emergent property of the entanglement protocol. (2) A single elementary particle has three coordinated evolution forms (collapsed, diffused, fluid), and the state transition depends on the internal structure and coordinated evolution ability endowed by the quantum entanglement protocol. (3) The multi-particle entangled state can be regarded as "single-particle coordinated evolution" at the macroscopic level, which originates from the multi-layer encapsulation characteristics of momentum units m₀·c. (4) The core mechanism for quantum entanglement to realize superluminal action is perceptual angle interlocking — establishing a logical correlation independent of geometric distance through an inline protocol, rather than trans-spatial propagation. (5) Both instantaneous force interaction and quantum tunneling can be reconstructed as local potential space momentum borrowing and returning state transition processes, without relying on propagator flight. This paper further argues that quantum entanglement, elementary force interaction, and quantum tunneling are not isolated phenomena, but three manifestations of the same set of momentum topological coding and potential space borrowing and returning mechanisms under different boundary conditions — entanglement is a static protocol maintaining structural stability, force is a dynamic state update after protocol triggering, and tunneling is a potential space topological transition guided by the protocol. This framework reduces quantum mechanics to a deterministic information dynamics evolution process based on protocol rules, providing a new ontological support for understanding the causality of the microcosm.
The core dilemma of modern physics stems from two unproven ontological presuppositions: that spacetime is an innate container preceding matter, and that matter is an entity composed of indivisible particles. These presuppositions have led to the fundamental split between general relativity and quantum mechanics, giving rise to a series of century-old unsolved problems such as wave-particle duality, the quantum measurement paradox, the nature of gravity, and dark matter and dark energy. Based on the sole unfalsifiable first principle that "the essence of cognition is succession", this paper deduces a complete ontological system through pure a priori reasoning: the authentic physical world consists solely of one-dimensional successive rays and their transverse coupling relations; time is the successive extension of rays, space is the network of coupling relations, matter is the steady state of closed coupling, and all interactions are different manifestations of coupling actions. Particles are not authentically existing entities, but rather point-like endpoint phenomena presented in the observer's phenomenal world when two rays undergo an all-or-nothing coupling. Based on this framework, this paper uniformly explains all core phenomena in both the microscopic quantum domain and the macroscopic relativistic domain in one go, resolves all traditional physical paradoxes at the ontological level, achieves the ontological unification of the four fundamental forces, and proposes three falsifiable core predictions. This paper demonstrates that all theories of traditional physics are approximate descriptions of the authentic physical world at the phenomenal level, and their fundamental error lies in mistaking "coupling endpoints" for "primitive entities", thereby reversing the causal relationship. Cognitive Succession Ontology provides a logically consistent and universally unified ultimate foundation for physics.
## Abstract ## For over a century, the foundational assumptions of wave-particle duality and the massless photon have forced standard quantum mechanics to rely on non-locality, abstract probability, and the violation of Bell's inequalities to explain entanglement. This paper introduces the Binary Unified Theory (BUT), a ground-up classical framework that replaces abstract probability amplitudes with pure, deterministic kinematics. BUT posits that all light and matter are complex kinematic systems constructed from exactly two fundamental, oppositely charged, zero-radius particles—the Poson and the Negon—traveling perpetually at the universally constant speed of light (c) and interacting via continuous, rigid 1/d fields. Within this framework:* The Photon (n=2): Light emerges naturally as a composite double-helix structure, physically uniting wave periodicity with quantized, discrete energy packets. Relativistic Doppler shift and spin projections are derived strictly from classical rotational kinematics.* Matter (n>2): Macroscopic matter and laboratory detectors are modeled as dense, non-linear chaotic swarms of fundamental charges. Rest mass and relativistic time dilation are physically realized as internal kinematic path-length constraints dictated by vector addition. * The Epistemic Barrier: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is fundamentally redefined. It is not an ontological law dictating that reality is inherently blurred, but an absolute epistemic measurement barrier mathematically guaranteed by classical N-body chaos and Liouville's Theorem during the deterministic collision of macroscopic measurement devices (n>2) with subatomic systems.* Local Realism Restored: By invalidating the idealized assumption of statistical independence through continuous field connections, this framework demonstrates that quantum correlations are a natural consequence of shared causal histories, restoring strict local realism to the subatomic domain without requiring non-local "spooky action at a distance." Additionally, this continuous-field framework provides clear geometric derivations for the emergence of macroscopic 1/d^2 forces (Coulomb and Gravity) via phase-cancellation and multipole effects, while exposing quarks and the Yukawa potential as resonant geometric artifacts of confined chaotic traffic. --- ## Included Files in this Record 1. `Donaldson-Binary_Unified_Theory.pdf` - The full, compile-ready version of record for the preprint manuscript.2+3. `main.tex` and `references.bib` - The complete LaTeX source file containing the raw `.tex` file with the `.bib` bibliography for full open-science transparency and reproducibility.4. `BUT_Simulator.zip` - An interactive, self-contained HTML/JavaScript computational engine that maps out and visualizes the dynamic, non-linear trajectories and continuous field configurations of the Binary Unified Theory. To run, extract the archive and open the HTML file in any modern web browser.
The traditional path integral formulation of quantum mechanics relies on complex probability amplitudes and the principle of least action, which has conceptual ambiguities in interpreting microphysical mechanisms — serving merely as effective mathematical statistical tools. Based on the Unified Cosmic Mechanics Evolution Theory — where the momentum unit (m₀·c) is the only physical reality, the field is an interaction protocol, and the particle is a momentum encapsulation structure — this paper reconstructs the mathematical description of multi-slit experiments. The new formulation replaces the complex path integral with a dual-integral system: the self-integral describes momentum unit self-evolution along their intrinsic direction, endowing linear motion; the interaction integral describes momentum flow interaction with the slit wall's electromagnetic field, realizing multi-path distribution and direction deflection. These two integrals together constitute the momentum flow distribution integral, interpreting "interference" as the superposition of real momentum flows dominated by the interaction integral. Key insight: Just as a stone falling from a height depends on the perceptual cross-section 1/(4πr²) for its integral result, all forces should be similarly understood — their underlying dynamics must be reduced to the perceptual cross-section mechanism. The interaction integral follows this logic: the relativistic mass-energy equation is a space-time state shaping equation, where the emergent space-time integral reflects Pythagorean conservation (Lorentz covariance); general relativistic integrals involve variable space-time redundancy under field strength; special relativistic integrals arise from perceptual space-time window compression during motion. For micro-particles in multi-slits, this paper primarily adopts the interaction integral mechanisms of special relativity, electromagnetism, and photoelectricity. This framework remains consistent with existing experimental phenomena and proposes testable predictions including slit thickness-dependent deflection and multi-slit interference fringe modulation.
Although the experiments by Alain Aspect and others have confirmed the violation of Bell's Inequality, establishing non-locality as a physical fact, Standard Quantum Mechanics (SQM) still faces an unavoidable ontological deficiency when explaining the generation mechanism and stability of "Quantum Entanglement." Existing theories tend to view entanglement as the instantaneous superposition of microscopic particles in Hilbert space, yet they fail to explain why the widely existing "Strongly Coupled Systems" in the macroscopic world—such as family, friendship, romantic love, nation, culture, civilization, and heritage—can exhibit structural stability that transcends spacetime and resists thermal noise. This study fundamentally challenges the traditional view that treats entanglement merely as a microscopic probabilistic event, proposing the highly subversive theory of "Information Isomorphism." We argue that whether dealing with microscopic particles or macroscopic civilizations, any coupled system capable of maintaining long-range stability is essentially the physical result of two or more independent topological entities achieving a congruent mapping of their underlying information structures after undergoing a complete "Interaction History Path Integral." The coupled system itself is an ongoing, continuously self-iterating process of superposition and entanglement. To this end, this paper constructs a set of "Bidirectional Cyclic Writing Mechanisms" based on the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force). Within this framework, the four forces are redefined as four types of "Information Writing Operators" of the universe's underlying operating system: Gravitational Operator (O^G): Establishes the geodesic locking of spacetime coordinates and the overlapping of event horizons (e.g., blood ties, geographical proximity, basic attraction). Electromagnetic Operator (O^EM): Performs phase calibration and routine information exchange across the full spectrum (e.g., language, rituals, daily interactions). Strong Force Operator (O^S): Applies extremely high-energy kinetic disruption to overcome defense boundaries, violently writing the source code into the target core (e.g., injection of core values, collective trauma, national identity). Weak Force Operator (O^W ): Verifies the persistence of the structure through degrees of freedom testing (e.g., a sense of belonging after leaving home, cultural transmission in foreign lands). This study demonstrates that only when the system has completed the full cyclic integration of the aforementioned four force operators will an irreversible Topological Phase Transition occur. The originally independent spherical topologies will collapse and recombine into a single Möbius Strip structure. Under this structure, the geometric boundaries between the macroscopic (civilization/nation/collective) and the microscopic (person/family/individual) completely disappear, achieving an absolute superposition state of "mutually macroscopic and mutually microscopic." This explains why civilizations can be transmitted beyond life and death—because they have been elevated from the constraints of linear time into an eternal topological entity of mutual causality.