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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Rare-earth Mediated Opto-Electro-Mechanical Device Toward Highly Coherent Photon–Electron–Phonon Hybrid System

Ryuichi Ohta

Published Apr 17, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.7566/jpsj.95.071004

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Strain-mediated interaction between phonons and telecom photons is demonstrated using excited states of erbium ions embedded in a mechanical resonator. Owing to the extremely long-lived nature of rare-earth ions, the dissipation rate of the optical resonance falls below that of the mechanical one. Thus, a "reversed dissipation regime" is achieved in the optical frequency region. We experimentally demonstrate an optomechanical coupling rate g_{0}=2π×21.7 Hz, and numerically reveal that the interaction causes stimulated excitation of erbium ions. Numerical analyses further indicate the possibility of g_{0} exceeding the dissipation rates of erbium and mechanical systems, thereby leading to single-photon strong coupling. This strain-mediated interaction, moreover, involves the spin degree of freedom, and has a potential to be extended to highly coherent opto-electro-mechanical hybrid systems in the reversed dissipation regime.
Summary form only given. The motion of a micromechanical resonator coupled simultaneously to a high-finesse optical cavity and a microwave resonator can be used to transduce the fragile quantum states generated in the realm of microwave superconducting circuits into optical photons that can transport quantum information over large distances in telecom optical fibers at room temperature. We have engineered the optical and mechanical properties of thin membranes patterned in a suspended high-stress Si3N4 film to realize such a hybrid opto-electro-mechanical system. An optical Fabry-Perot cavity with a finesse exceeding 12 000 was realized between a highly reflective photonic crystal patch realized on the suspended membrane and a conventional high-reflectivity mirror. The electromechanical coupling with a nearby planar superconducting circuit is achieved by approaching the membrane at a sub-micron distance from an on-chip interdigitated capacitor. By operating the hybrid opto-electro-mechanical system in a cryogenic environment, the photon-phonon swap rates between microwave, mechanical, and optical degrees of freedom is expected to overcome the mechanical decoherence rate. An artist view of the device envisioned is depicted on Figure 1.