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International Journal of Physics and Applications

Dynamics of two qubit entanglement under decoherence

Tanush Bakshi -

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum entanglement is one of the strangest and most powerful features of quantum physics, yet it is surprisingly delicate. In this paper, we explore how entanglement between two qubits behaves when the system loses energy to its surroundings through amplitude damping. We show that entanglement does not always vanish slowly; under certain conditions, it can disappear suddenly at a limited moment in time. Understanding this frail behaviour is essential for building reliable quantum communication and computing technologies.

DOI
10.33545/26647575.2026.v8.i1c.274

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Quantum entanglement is one of the strangest and most powerful features of quantum physics, yet it is surprisingly delicate. In this paper, we explore how entanglement between two qubits behaves when the system loses energy to its surroundings through amplitude damping. We show that entanglement does not always vanish slowly; under certain conditions, it can disappear suddenly at a limited moment in time. Understanding this frail behaviour is essential for building reliable quantum communication and computing technologies.
Quantum entanglement manifests as a distinctive correlation between particles that transcends classical boundaries when their quantum states cannot be described independently. On the other hand, as quantum systems interact with their surroundings, decoherence emerges, leading to the gradual decay of quantum coherence and entanglement. In the case of entanglement, this is known as entanglement sudden death (ESD). Decoherence mechanisms are examined, focusing on how various environmental factors, such as thermal, electromagnetic, and collisional decoherence, influence the integrity of entangled states. The role of quantum noise, such as amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing, is also analyzed. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental findings, this study highlights the delicate balance between maintaining entanglement and mitigating decoherence. The findings have significant implications for the development of quantum technologies, including quantum computing and quantum communication, where preserving entanglement is crucial for achieving robust and reliable performance.
We present a detailed analysis on disentanglement dynamics of multiqubit GHZ-type states whose qubits are remotely located in absence of any mutual interactions. The dynamics is thus induced by independent local environments surrounding each qubit. It has recently been known that if each qubit is subjected solely to the phase damping then the state's entanglement vanishes asymptotically in time and if only the amplitude damping is active then the state's entanglement may vanish suddenly in certain parameter subspace. In this paper, we shall show that a combined action of both the phase damping and the amplitude damping will force the state's entanglement to always vanish suddenly in the entire parameter space. Furthermore, we shall prove that by proper local operations such a finite-time disentanglement can be avoided for whatever state's parameters, no matter the phase damping and the amplitude damping act severally or in combination.
We study the time evolution of two two-state systems (two qubits) initially in the pure entangled states or the maximally entangled mixed states interacting with the individual environmental noise. It is shown that due to environment noise, all quantum entangled states are very fragile and become a classical mixed state in a short-time limit. But the environment can affect entanglement in very different ways. The type of decoherence process for certain entangled states belongs to amplitude damping, while the others belong to dephasing decoherence.
Strangeness of quantum physical laws is very fascinating aspect for all of us. In various composite quantum systems it was found that the finite time disentanglement called Entanglement sudden death takes place.Entangalment sudden death is a very well known phenomena in which qubits die after in a particular time. In our case we have studied two qubit quantum system as maximally entangled systems. We can expand it for many qubit systems also. We examine the behaviour of these systems under amplitude damping noise. The other environmental noises such as phase damping and depolarisation were also studied. All these noises were applied on single qubit as well as on both the qubits. Class of X-states has been used for the study.
Decoherence, which causes degradation of entanglement and in some cases entanglement sudden death, is a critical issue faced in quantum information. Protecting entanglement from decoherence, therefore, is essential in practical realization of quantum computing and quantum communication protocols. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method to protect entanglement from amplitude damping decoherence via weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal. It is shown that even entanglement sudden death can be circumvented.