The role of time has changed conceptually moving from classical Newtonian physics to general relativity and is one of the main obstacles avoiding a clear unification between a covariant quantum mechanics theory and a theory of gravity. In quantum mechanics as in Newtonian physics, time is an evolutional causal parameter, while in general relativity, time has become a spatial axis where matter is spread over the whole world line (an unlocalized 4D wave function), and the 4D picture became a static picture where our empirical experience of dynamics is merely an illusion of our minds. Understanding that Newtonian time still exists in parallel to the 4D world, raises the possibility to describe gravity within a manifestly covariant quantum theory. The examples of the use of such a theory raise the possibility of a clear interpretation of recent interference in time experiments, and also raise new physics when dealing with a curved spacetime.
Ontological Resolution Theory (ORT) — Paper J (v1.0) This paper presents a rigorous ontological model in which physical reality is a discrete 4D Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice (k=12) governed by deterministic voxel state rewriting. By discarding the paradigm of continuous spacetime and fundamental differential equations, we mathematically demonstrate that the pillars of modern physics are macroscopic interface illusions: The Absence of Motion: Physical dynamics is an illusion arising from frame comparison. Nothing moves; voxel states simply rewrite from one Tick to the next. Quantum Mechanics as Aliasing: A macroscopic observer, constrained to a 4-bit interface, samples only ~3% of voxel information per Tick. Superposition is strictly redefined as a pending rewrite buffer. The wave function is a time-averaged probability of defect presence, and measurement is buffer commitment. Gravity as Rewrite Latency: Gravity is not spacetime curvature, but computational delay. When voxel load approaches its 133-bit capacity, the rewrite rate drops, manifesting to external observers as time dilation. The Schwarzschild radius (
RS=2M) is derived exactly from the channel saturation condition. Tensors as Macroscopic Statistics: The metric tensor and the Einstein field equations (
Gμν=8πTμν) are not fundamental laws. They are thermodynamic limits—continuous statistical approximations of discrete network routing delays over
∼1060 voxels. This framework eliminates the QM-GR schism by proving both theories are effective descriptions of a single discrete substrate operating at different load regimes (low-load for QM, high-load for GR). The paper includes exact numerical verifications (>99% accuracy for standard model parameters derived from pure geometry) and strict falsification criteria.
Standard quantum mechanics interprets the probabilistic nature of particle interactions as a fundamental, irreducible property of the universe. This paper demonstrates that quantum probability is not an ontological fundamental of the entities themselves, but a geometric artifact derived from observing 5-dimensional continuous functions from restricted 4-dimensional spacetime. Under the Geometric Monism framework, an electron is modeled not as a discrete point-particle, but as a localized 4D twist representing a node of a continuous 5-dimensional Planck-scale standing wave. Because this standing wave cycles between 4D spacetime and the 5D bulk, the individual 4D node possesses a strict 50% temporal accessibility. When two independent entities interact, this individual 50% geometric restriction naturally yields a 25% joint accessibility, perfectly mirroring the 1/4 initial-state probability matrices of standard Quantum Electrodynamics. Combined with a strict 50% geometric probability of encountering a compatible opposite chiral twist (spin), these dimensional limits naturally manifest as probabilistic statistics to a 4D observer. Quantum field theory is therefore reinterpreted not as the fundamental ontology of reality, but as a highly accurate, necessary statistical framework for modeling under-sampled 5-dimensional continuum mechanics.