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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Quantifying Quantum Uncertainty Via Metric‐Adjusted Skew Information and Symmetric Measurements

Ruo‐xiao Chen, Liang Tang

Published Apr 1, 2026• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Quantum entanglement and coherence, serving as cornerstone resources for quantum information science, fundamentally depend on quantum measurements for their detection and quantification, with quantum uncertainty serving as the essential link that connects these components. In this work, by integrating metric‐adjusted skew information with informationally complete symmetric measurements, we establish a universal connection between measurement‐induced quantum uncertainty and the fundamental quantum uncertainty measure. Then, we demonstrate that the total uncertainty associated with symmetric measurements is universally proportional to the intrinsic quantum uncertainty of the state. Subsequently, we derived a series of entanglement criteria by employing the proposed framework and demonstrated their validity and comprehensiveness through illustrative example. In addition, we employ symmetric measurements with metric‐adjusted skew information to formulate generalized measures of average coherence, and derive several measurement‐based complementary trade‐off relations for average coherence associated with a given quantum state. This framework offers a robust quantitative approach to understanding quantum resources, with significant practical implications for the analysis of quantum entanglement and coherence.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202500919

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ABSTRACT Quantum entanglement and coherence, serving as cornerstone resources for quantum information science, fundamentally depend on quantum measurements for their detection and quantification, with quantum uncertainty serving as the essential link that connects these components. In this work, by integrating metric‐adjusted skew information with informationally complete symmetric measurements, we establish a universal connection between measurement‐induced quantum uncertainty and the fundamental quantum uncertainty measure. Then, we demonstrate that the total uncertainty associated with symmetric measurements is universally proportional to the intrinsic quantum uncertainty of the state. Subsequently, we derived a series of entanglement criteria by employing the proposed framework and demonstrated their validity and comprehensiveness through illustrative example. In addition, we employ symmetric measurements with metric‐adjusted skew information to formulate generalized measures of average coherence, and derive several measurement‐based complementary trade‐off relations for average coherence associated with a given quantum state. This framework offers a robust quantitative approach to understanding quantum resources, with significant practical implications for the analysis of quantum entanglement and coherence.
Abstract Quantum coherence is one of the characteristic features of quantum mechanics and underpins many quantum mysteries. In this work, we investigate the average coherence of a quantum state with respect to symmetric positive operator-valued measures using metric-adjusted skew information. Specifically, we derive explicit expressions for the average coherence relative to mutually unbiased measurements and to general symmetric informationally complete measurements, and establish a complementary relation between average coherence and maximal coherence. Furthermore, we introduce a measure of average coherence based on metric-adjusted skew information for states with respect to a generalized symmetric measurements (GSMs). When these GSMs are required to be equinumerous, the corresponding average coherence reduces to that for symmetric measurements. Finally, we evaluate and compare various average coherence measures with different operator monotone functions for qubit states, Werner states, and isotropic states.
Quantum coherence is an important quantum resource which plays a pivotal role in the field of quantum information. Based on metric adjusted skew information, we define a measure of quantum uncertainty to study average coherence under conical 2-designs generalized equiangular measurements, and prove the equivalence of this measure to the scaled average coherence based on metric adjusted skew information under a set of unitary groups, operator orthonormal bases, and mutually unbiased bases. We also derive two trade-off relations by this measure and solve a conjecture. Furthermore, we give two entanglement criteria by this measure and conical 2-designs generalized equiangular measurement, respectively, and illustrate the effectiveness of them by explicit examples.
Prompted by the open questions in Gibilisco [P. Gibilisco, Fisher information and means: Some questions in the classical and quantum settings, Int. J. Software Informatics 8 (2014) 265–276], he introduced a family of measurement-induced quantum uncertainty measures via metric adjusted skew informations, we investigate these measures’ fundamental properties (including basis independence and spectral representation), and illustrate their applications to detect quantum nonlocality and entanglement.
It is important to distinguish between classical information and quantum information in quantum information theory. In this paper, we first extend the concept of metric-adjusted correlation measure and some related measures to non-Hermitian operators, and establish several relations between the metric-adjusted skew information with different operator monotone functions. By employing operator monotone functions, we next introduce three uncertainty matrices generated by channels: the total uncertainty matrix, the classical uncertainty matrix, and the quantum uncertainty matrix. We establish a decomposition of the total uncertainty matrix into classical and quantum parts and further investigate their basic properties. As applications, we employ uncertainty matrices to quantify the decoherence caused by the action of quantum channels on quantum states, and calculate the uncertainty matrices of some typical channels to reveal certain intrinsic features of the corresponding channels. Moreover, we establish several uncertainty relations that improve the traditional Heisenberg uncertainty relations involving variance.