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Journal of Modern Optics

Generation of multi range frequency combs using a superradiance lattice

Atif Shabbir

Published Apr 7, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report that frequency combs are generated within the superradiance lattice from low frequency (infrared) to high frequency (X-ray) range. Our observations reveal that the infrared frequency combs have a reflectivity approaching 95%, while the X-ray frequency combs exhibit approximately 55% reflectivity. We can control the width and amplitude of the spectral lines of these frequency combs by adjusting the control field intensity. This atomic scheme is experimentally viable. We can propose conducting experiments utilizing beryllium ions for X-rays and rubidium atoms for generating infrared frequency combs. This approach holds great promise for potential applications in quantum optics.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2026.2652359

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We report that frequency combs are generated within the superradiance lattice from low frequency (infrared) to high frequency (X-ray) range. Our observations reveal that the infrared frequency combs have a reflectivity approaching 95%, while the X-ray frequency combs exhibit approximately 55% reflectivity. We can control the width and amplitude of the spectral lines of these frequency combs by adjusting the control field intensity. This atomic scheme is experimentally viable. We can propose conducting experiments utilizing beryllium ions for X-rays and rubidium atoms for generating infrared frequency combs. This approach holds great promise for potential applications in quantum optics.
Abstract We propose a scheme for generating frequency combs in an electromagnetically induced transparency—based superradiance lattice. When the probe frequency satisfies the m th-order resonance condition with the control field, 2 m + 1 discrete spectral components emerge, forming a frequency comb. The comb spacing and reflectivity are dynamically tunable via the control-field strength. The proposed scheme is experimentally feasible and enables the generation of low-frequency (infrared) combs using 87 Rb atoms. Moreover, high-frequency combs in the ultraviolet and x-ray regimes can be realized using 85 Rb atoms and Be 2 + ions, exhibiting appreciable reflectivity. These results establish a versatile platform for frequency-comb generation with potential applications in quantum optics and quantum information processing.
We report photonic band gaps based on a modified superradiance lattice having reflectivity close to 100% for both the low and high-frequency ranges. We observe that tuning the relative phase between the coupling fields provides additional control over photonic band gaps. We notice that the relative phase can control three input channels of the probe field simultaneously and efficiently. This feature of relative phase over photonic band gaps provides potential in the field of quantum optics. Further, this scheme is experimentally more viable. Rubidium atoms 87 Rb can obtain low-frequency (infrared) photonic band gaps. On the other hand, rubidium atoms 85 Rb and beryllium ions Be 2+ can form high-frequency ultraviolet and soft X-ray photonic band gaps, achieving reflectivities of 80% and 96%, respectively. This scheme holds promise for constructing highly efficient optical switches and beam splitters.
Abstract We report that modified superradiance lattice (2023, Phys. Scr. 98 015 105) can be used to obtain high-frequency photonic band gaps which are controllable using low-frequency light. Here, we also notice that the maximum reflectivity of these photonic band gaps can be achieved via low-frequency light control. This maximum reflectivity remains constant for a certain range of probe detuning depending upon the strength of the control field. We also report that this can lead to experimental realization of the soft x-ray regime (high-frequency) via 61st-order low-frequency light using Be2+ ions, the corresponding reflectivity in this case is 96%. Therefore, one can construct controllable x-ray photonic band gaps which can further be used to devise optical switches, beam splitters, and frequency combs. Moreover, this scheme holds the promise of working efficiently in all types of other configurations where reflection of high-frequency light is needed using nth order low-frequency light.
We investigate the power spectral density emitted by a superconducting artificial atom coupled to the end of a semi-infinite transmission line and driven by two continuous radio frequency fields. In this setup, we observe the generation of multiple frequency peaks and the formation of frequency combs with equal detuning between those peaks. The frequency peaks originate from wave mixing of the drive fields, mediated by the artificial atom, highlighting the potential of this system as both a frequency converter and a frequency-comb generator. We demonstrate precise control and tunability in generating these frequency features, aligning well with theoretical predictions, across a relatively wide frequency range (tens of MHz, exceeding the linewidth of the artificial atom). The extensive and simple tunability of this frequency converter and comb generator, combined with its small physical footprint, makes it promising for quantum optics on chips and other applications in quantum technology.
An x-ray pulse-shaping scheme is put forward for imprinting an optical frequency comb onto the radiation emitted on a driven x-ray transition, thus producing an x-ray frequency comb. A four-level system is used to describe the level structure of NNN ions driven by narrow-bandwidth x rays, an optical auxiliary laser, and an optical frequency comb. By including many-particle enhancement of the emitted resonance fluorescence, a spectrum is predicted consisting of equally spaced narrow lines which are centered on an x-ray transition energy and separated by the same tooth spacing as the driving optical frequency comb. Given an x-ray reference frequency, our comb could be employed to determine an unknown x-ray frequency. While relying on the quality of the light fields used to drive the ensemble of ions, the model has validity at energies from the 100 eV to the keV range.
The direct and optical control of x-ray transitions is studied theoretically by investigating the spectra of resonance fluorescence and absorption. The work is motivated by the rapid advances in x-ray science, enabling the application of quantum-control schemes at short wavelengths. In a two-level system we study Rabi oscillations of atomic inner-shell electrons, induced by intense x-ray pulses and competing with Auger decay, and their signature in the spectrum of resonance fluorescence. Subsequently, optical manipulation of x-ray transitions is examined, by employing an optical frequency comb coupling nearby excited levels to control their spontaneous decay. First, narrow-bandwidth x rays are adopted, giving rise to the periodic shaping of the atomic dynamic variables and the imprinting of a comb onto the x-ray resonance fluorescence spectrum. A more realistic model for an immediate experimental implementation is then provided, by developing a scheme to imprint a comb onto the absorption spectrum of an ultrashort x-ray pulse. An experimental realization of the predicted comb structures is anticipated to transfer the accuracy of optical frequency combs into the x-ray regime