A Unified Field Theory of Binary Particle Emergence: Proposing the "Binary Resonance Model" as an Ontological Foundation for Quantum Mechanics, Mass-Energy Equivalence, and Gravitational Phenomena
The measurement problem and wave-particle duality remain unresolved puzzles in quantum mechanics. This paper proposes an ontic interpretation: superposition is not epistemic ignorance but a real physical field the ``field of indecision'' composed of binary energy units (binary particles). When such a field couples resonantly to a stable atomic architecture, it collapses into a definite binary state, producing a localized particle. This mechanism explains wave-particle duality (indecision vs. decision) and quantum entanglement (a shared, non-separable indecision field). From the same primitive, mass emerges as the resistance of an architecture to binary particle flux, and Newtonian gravity arises as the coherent background resonance of the cosmic binary network. A concrete lattice gas realization shows that the field obeys a nonlinear wave equation and that the static perturbation around a bound state follows the Newtonian \(1/r\) form. A testable prediction is made: structural isomers with identical atomic composition should exhibit a temperature-dependent mass difference, within reach of current FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The framework is offered as a speculative foundation for quantum mechanics and emergent gravity.
The measurement problem and wave-particle duality remain unresolved puzzles in quantum mechanics. This paper proposes an ontic interpretation: superposition is not epistemic ignorance but a real physical field the ``field of indecision'' composed of binary energy units (binary particles). When such a field couples resonantly to a stable atomic architecture, it collapses into a definite binary state, producing a localized particle. This mechanism explains wave-particle duality (indecision vs. decision) and quantum entanglement (a shared, non-separable indecision field). From the same primitive, mass emerges as the resistance of an architecture to binary particle flux, and Newtonian gravity arises as the coherent background resonance of the cosmic binary network. A concrete lattice gas realization shows that the field obeys a nonlinear wave equation and that the static perturbation around a bound state follows the Newtonian (1/r) form. A testable prediction is made: structural isomers with identical atomic composition should exhibit a temperature-dependent mass difference, within reach of current FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The framework is offered as a speculative foundation for quantum mechanics and emergent gravity.
This story proposes an ontic interpretation: superposition is not epistemic ignorance but a real physical field. the "field of indecision''composed of binary energy units (binary particles). At the deepest level, reality is structured by a primitive triad: an unmarked ground state (the Void) and two definite marks (0 and 1). Everything is seen as the emergent pattern of decisions resolving from this void. When such a field couples to a stable atomic architecture.defined here as a configuration with persistent information storage capacity.it collapses into a definite binary state, producing a localized particle.
## Abstract ## For over a century, the foundational assumptions of wave-particle duality and the massless photon have forced standard quantum mechanics to rely on non-locality, abstract probability, and the violation of Bell's inequalities to explain entanglement. This paper introduces the Binary Unified Theory (BUT), a ground-up classical framework that replaces abstract probability amplitudes with pure, deterministic kinematics. BUT posits that all light and matter are complex kinematic systems constructed from exactly two fundamental, oppositely charged, zero-radius particles—the Poson and the Negon—traveling perpetually at the universally constant speed of light (c) and interacting via continuous, rigid 1/d fields. Within this framework:* The Photon (n=2): Light emerges naturally as a composite double-helix structure, physically uniting wave periodicity with quantized, discrete energy packets. Relativistic Doppler shift and spin projections are derived strictly from classical rotational kinematics.* Matter (n>2): Macroscopic matter and laboratory detectors are modeled as dense, non-linear chaotic swarms of fundamental charges. Rest mass and relativistic time dilation are physically realized as internal kinematic path-length constraints dictated by vector addition. * The Epistemic Barrier: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is fundamentally redefined. It is not an ontological law dictating that reality is inherently blurred, but an absolute epistemic measurement barrier mathematically guaranteed by classical N-body chaos and Liouville's Theorem during the deterministic collision of macroscopic measurement devices (n>2) with subatomic systems.* Local Realism Restored: By invalidating the idealized assumption of statistical independence through continuous field connections, this framework demonstrates that quantum correlations are a natural consequence of shared causal histories, restoring strict local realism to the subatomic domain without requiring non-local "spooky action at a distance." Additionally, this continuous-field framework provides clear geometric derivations for the emergence of macroscopic 1/d^2 forces (Coulomb and Gravity) via phase-cancellation and multipole effects, while exposing quarks and the Yukawa potential as resonant geometric artifacts of confined chaotic traffic. --- ## Included Files in this Record 1. `Donaldson-Binary_Unified_Theory.pdf` - The full, compile-ready version of record for the preprint manuscript.2+3. `main.tex` and `references.bib` - The complete LaTeX source file containing the raw `.tex` file with the `.bib` bibliography for full open-science transparency and reproducibility.4. `BUT_Simulator.zip` - An interactive, self-contained HTML/JavaScript computational engine that maps out and visualizes the dynamic, non-linear trajectories and continuous field configurations of the Binary Unified Theory. To run, extract the archive and open the HTML file in any modern web browser.
We propose a fully local realist unified physical framework derived entirely from a single minimal underlying rule: space is filled with discrete ground-state field quanta, whose sole dynamical property is nearest-neighbor attraction proportional to the product of their excitation levels, with strictly conserved total excitation across all space. This rule is not an ad hoc postulate, but a distillation of a universal physical tendency observed across all scales—spontaneous attraction between adjacent entities, structurally isomorphic to van der Waals forces, nuclear binding, the Casimir effect, and Bose–Einstein condensation. From this single rule, we derive the following core consequences forward, with no reverse-engineering: Excitations spontaneously form stable self-bound topological structures with a “hard core + extended ripple” profile, naturally accounting for wave-particle duality without separate postulates; Newtonian gravity (F∝r2M1M2) emerges directly as the macroscopic sum of all nearest-neighbor attractions, with the inverse-square law following purely from 3D geometry and flux conservation; An all-or-nothing threshold mechanism for quantum measurement, explaining the photoelectric effect and Born rule without wavefunction collapse; A paradox-free local realist account of double-slit interference, quantum erasure, and delayed-choice experiments; Gravitational time dilation, motion time dilation, and Lorentz invariance as emergent phenomena, with no additional assumptions about spacetime structure. This framework is fully compatible with all existing experimental observations of standard quantum mechanics and general relativity, while making three falsifiable, qualitatively distinct predictions. The central prediction—a sharp threshold step in interference visibility versus path-marking coupling—is testable with existing quantum optics equipment. We do not claim to replace established theories, but offer a minimal, self-consistent, falsifiable alternative local realist picture.
The mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics has achieved tremendous success, yet its ontological foundations — including the essence of the wave function, the mechanism behind the measurement problem, and the origin of nonlocal correlations — have long remained unresolved. This paper proposes the fundamental field theory, which takes the complex field \Psi as the basic degree of freedom satisfying the standard bosonic commutation relation [\hat{\Psi}, \hat{\Psi}^\dagger] = \delta. Starting from this commutation relation, we derive the uncertainty principle and establish the action of the fundamental field. The Schrödinger equation is obtained under the non-relativistic limit. We explain the measurement problem and present the dynamical equation for wave function collapse via the trigger perturbation mechanism. Meanwhile, quantum entanglement is interpreted based on the nonlocal nature of the fundamental field. This paper also conducts a comparative analysis between the proposed model, the GRW model and the Penrose model, and puts forward four experimentally testable theoretical predictions. This manuscript serves as a companion to the classical branch focusing on S³ topological dynamics. The two papers jointly form a full theoretical description of physical systems. The S³ topological domain manuscript focuses on classical and semiclassical topics such as cosmology, gravitational waves and power laws of the four fundamental interactions, while this work centers on quantum mechanics fundamentals, measurement collapse and quantum entanglement. The two manuscripts are interconnected through the \Psi-\lambda mapping. The fundamental field theory does not negate quantum mechanics; instead, it complements quantum mechanics with a complete ontological foundation.
This comprehensive paper presents a unified synthesis of quantum mechanics, particle physics, and cosmological implications, establishing a coherent ontological framework for understanding the fundamental structure of matter and its relationship to mortality and consciousness. We establish that reality operates through a clear hierarchical structure: from fundamental particles (electrons, photons, quarks) to composite particles (protons, neutrons) to bound systems (atoms, molecules) to classical structures (matter, life, consciousness). Central to this work is the distinction between stable quantum objects (particularly electrons) and mortal composite structures (nuclei, atoms, molecules). We present an interpretive framework in which electrons are entities of extraordinary stability that perpetually embody wave-particle duality without requiring actualization into classical point particles. Measurement outcomes emerge from entanglement-induced decoherence involving third quantum objects rather than wave-function collapse, preserving unitary evolution throughout. This framework builds upon and extends established decoherence theory, particularly the work of Zurek, while offering a more explicit ontological commitment to persistent duality as an intrinsic electron property. Electron stability is qualified accurately: electrons are protected from decay under the conditions prevailing in our matter-dominated universe. In matter-antimatter environments, electron-positron annihilation does occur. The framework maintains consistency with the Born rule, empirical evidence, and existing quantum mechanical predictions while providing ontological clarity regarding the nature of reality
Abstract for Zenodo Submission We propose a fully local realist unified physical framework derived entirely from a single minimal underlying rule: space is filled with discrete ground-state field quanta, whose sole dynamical property is nearest-neighbor attraction proportional to the product of their excitation levels, with strictly conserved total excitation across all space. This rule is not an ad hoc postulate, but a distillation of a universal physical tendency observed across all scales—spontaneous attraction between adjacent entities, structurally isomorphic to van der Waals forces, nuclear binding, the Casimir effect, and Bose–Einstein condensation. From this single rule, we derive the following core consequences forward, with no reverse-engineering: Excitations spontaneously form stable self-bound topological structures with a “hard core + extended ripple” profile, naturally accounting for wave-particle duality without separate postulates; Newtonian gravity (F∝M1M2/r2) emerges directly as the macroscopic sum of all nearest-neighbor attractions, with the inverse-square law following purely from 3D geometry and flux conservation; An all-or-nothing threshold mechanism for quantum measurement, explaining the photoelectric effect and Born rule without wavefunction collapse; A paradox-free local realist account of double-slit interference, quantum erasure, and delayed-choice experiments; Gravitational time dilation, motion time dilation, and Lorentz invariance as emergent phenomena, with no additional assumptions about spacetime structure. This framework is fully compatible with all existing experimental observations of standard quantum mechanics and general relativity, while making three falsifiable, qualitatively distinct predictions. The central prediction—a sharp threshold step in interference visibility versus path-marking coupling—is testable with existing quantum optics equipment. We do not claim to replace established theories, but offer a minimal, self-consistent, falsifiable alternative local realist picture.