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Вестник КРАУНЦ Физико-математические науки

Non-Hermitian Supersymmetric Factorization of an Effective Two-Particle Hamiltonian in Two Dimensions under a Magnetic Field

J.A. Oke, F. A. Dossa

Published Mar 31, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study an effective Hamiltonian governing the relative motion of two charged particles confined to a two-dimensional plane under a uniform magnetic field, with interactions described by a generalized central potential that combines harmonic, Coulombic, linear, and inverse-square terms. After formal separation of the center-of-mass coordinates and a unitary transformation to a standard one-dimensional radial Hilbert space, the resulting equation is solved exactly through a non-Hermitian supersymmetric factorization: although the factorization operators are not mutually adjoint, they yield Hermitian partner Hamiltonians that exhibit shape invariance with respect to a weighted inner product, enabling the derivation of closed-form analytical expressions for the energy spectrum and radial wave functions. The constraint relation among potential parameters that emerges from this construction is not a physical law but a mathematical solvability condition–an essential feature of a deliberately idealized model whose purpose is to reveal novel algebraic structures underlying exactly solvable quantum systems. We explicitly discuss the formal nature of the model, the parameter regimes ensuring potential boundedness, and the mathematical framework required for self-adjointness. Мы изучаем эффективный гамильтониан, описывающий относительное движение двух заряженных частиц, ограниченных двумерной плоскостью в однородном магнитном поле, причем взаимодействия описываются обобщенным центральным потенциалом, объединяющим гармонические, кулоновские, линейные и обратноквадратичные члены. После формального разделения координат центра масс и унитарного преобразования в стандартное одномерное радиальное гильбертово пространство полученное уравнение решается точно с помощью неэрмитовой суперсимметричной факторизации: хотя операторы факторизации не являются взаимно сопряженными, они дают эрмитовы гамильтонианы-партнеры, которые демонстрируют инвариантность формы относительно взвешенного скалярного произведения, что позволяет вывести аналитические выражения в замкнутой форме для энергетического спектра и радиальных волновых функций. Связь между потенциальными параметрами, возникающая из этой конструкции, является не физическим законом, а математическим условием разрешимости — существенной особенностью намеренно идеализированной модели, цель которой — выявить новые алгебраические структуры, лежащие в основе точно решаемых квантовых систем. Мы подробно обсуждаем формальную природу модели, режимы параметров, обеспечивающие потенциальную ограниченность, и математическую основу, необходимую для самосопряженности.

DOI
10.26117/2079-6641-2026-54-1-141-153

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We study an effective Hamiltonian governing the relative motion of two charged particles confined to a two-dimensional plane under a uniform magnetic field, with interactions described by a generalized central potential that combines harmonic, Coulombic, linear, and inverse-square terms. After formal separation of the center-of-mass coordinates and a unitary transformation to a standard one-dimensional radial Hilbert space, the resulting equation is solved exactly through a non-Hermitian supersymmetric factorization: although the factorization operators are not mutually adjoint, they yield Hermitian partner Hamiltonians that exhibit shape invariance with respect to a weighted inner product, enabling the derivation of closed-form analytical expressions for the energy spectrum and radial wave functions. The constraint relation among potential parameters that emerges from this construction is not a physical law but a mathematical solvability condition–an essential feature of a deliberately idealized model whose purpose is to reveal novel algebraic structures underlying exactly solvable quantum systems. We explicitly discuss the formal nature of the model, the parameter regimes ensuring potential boundedness, and the mathematical framework required for self-adjointness. Мы изучаем эффективный гамильтониан, описывающий относительное движение двух заряженных частиц, ограниченных двумерной плоскостью в однородном магнитном поле, причем взаимодействия описываются обобщенным центральным потенциалом, объединяющим гармонические, кулоновские, линейные и обратноквадратичные члены. После формального разделения координат центра масс и унитарного преобразования в стандартное одномерное радиальное гильбертово пространство полученное уравнение решается точно с помощью неэрмитовой суперсимметричной факторизации: хотя операторы факторизации не являются взаимно сопряженными, они дают эрмитовы гамильтонианы-партнеры, которые демонстрируют инвариантность формы относительно взвешенного скалярного произведения, что позволяет вывести аналитические выражения в замкнутой форме для энергетического спектра и радиальных волновых функций. Связь между потенциальными параметрами, возникающая из этой конструкции, является не физическим законом, а математическим условием разрешимости — существенной особенностью намеренно идеализированной модели, цель которой — выявить новые алгебраические структуры, лежащие в основе точно решаемых квантовых систем. Мы подробно обсуждаем формальную природу модели, режимы параметров, обеспечивающие потенциальную ограниченность, и математическую основу, необходимую для самосопряженности.
It is shown that for a given Hermitian Hamiltonian possessing supersymmetry, there is always a non-Hermitian Jaynes–Cummings-type Hamiltonian (JCTH) admitting entirely real spectra. The parent supersymmetric Hamiltonian and the corresponding non-Hermitian JCTH are simultaneously diagonalizable. The exact eigenstates of these non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are constructed algebraically for certain shape-invariant potentials, including a non-Hermitian version of the standard Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model for which the parent supersymmetric Hamiltonian is the superoscillator. It is also shown that a non-Hermitian version of the several physically motivated generalizations of the JC model admits entirely real spectra. The positive-definite metric operator in the Hilbert space is constructed explicitly along with the introduction of a new inner product structure, so that the eigenstates form a complete set of orthonormal vectors and the time evolution is unitary.
The (group and spin space) matrix Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a non-relativistic spin-½ particle moving in a static, but spatially dependent, non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions is shown to take the form of an anticommutator of a nilpotent operator and its Hermitian conjugate. Consequently, the (group space) matrix Hamiltonians for the two different spin projections form partners of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system. The resulting supersymmetry algebra is exploited to explicitly construct the exact zero energy ground state wave function(s) for the system. The remaining eigenstates and eigenvalues of the two partner Hamiltonians form positive energy degenerate pairs.
The (group and spin space) matrix Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a nonrelativistic spin 1/2 particle moving in a static, but spatially dependent, non-Abelian magnetic field in two spatial dimensions is shown to take the form of an anticommutator of a nilpotent operator and its hermitian conjugate. Consequently, the (group space) matrix Hamiltonians for the two different spin projections form partners of a supersymmetric quantum mechanical system. The resulting supersymmetry algebra is exploited to explicitly construct the exact zero energy ground state wavefunction(s) for the system. The remaining eigenstates and eigenvalues of the two partner Hamiltonians form positive energy degenerate pairs.
It is shown that for a given Hermitian Hamiltonian possessing supersymmetry, there is alwayas a non-hermitian Jaynes-Cummings-type Hamiltonian(JCTH) admitting entirely real spectra. The parent supersymmetric Hamiltonian and the corresponding non-hermitian JCTH are simultaneously diagonalizable. The exact eigenstates of these non-hermitian Hamiltonians are constructed algebraically for certain shape-invariant potentials, including a non-hermitian version of the standard Jaynes-Cummings model for which the parent supersymmetric Hamiltonian is the superoscillator. The positive-definite metric operator in the Hilbert space is constructed explicitly along with the introduction of a new inner product structure, so that the eigenstates form a complete set of orthonormal vectors and the time-evolution is unitary.
We revisit the effective radial Schrödinger equation for a charged spinless particle in collinear static electric and magnetic fields that was formulated in our earlier work within the tridiagonal representation approach (TRA). In that model the angular factor of the electric coupling is replaced by the orientation parameter C=cos⁡θC=\cosθC=cosθ, the linear Zeeman term is diagonal in the azimuthal quantum number, and the effective field-modified central potential takes the form $V(r)=\Vt(r)+qECr$. Here we show that the same equation can be solved exactly without the TRA, by the Nikiforov--Uvarov (NU) method, once the potential component $\Vt(r)$ is prescribed. Three examples are worked out in closed form: a Kratzer-type component, which yields a linear-plus-Coulomb-plus-inverse-square central potential; a pseudoharmonic-type component, which yields a linear-plus-harmonic-plus-inverse-square potential; and a Hulthén-type component with a repulsive core (Manning--Rosen form), which yields a screened confining potential with a finite number of sss-wave bound states. For each case we obtain the energy spectrum, the normalized eigenfunctions in terms of Laguerre or Jacobi polynomials, the location of the potential minimum, and closed-form radial moments. The spectra are independent of the orientation θθθ and of the electric field, in agreement with the structure found by the TRA, while the field enters through the shape of V(r)V(r)V(r), the radial moments, and the expectation value ⟨V⟩k\langle V\rangle_k⟨V⟩k​. All analytical results are confirmed by an independent finite-difference diagonalization.
Quantum dots, liquid crystals, compositionally graded crystals, and other condensed matter systems all use position dependent effective mass (PDEM) Hamiltonians to describe the dynamics of electrons. Because the PDEM quantum Hamiltonians are not Hermitian, we employ the effective mass kinetic energy operator in Von Ross?s two-parameter form, which is Hermitian by default and contains additional reasonable forms as special instances. It is shown that Hamiltonians of the form H(s)=(1-s)H_-+sH_+,0?s?1 where H_? are supersymmetric partner Hamiltonians corresponding to position dependent mass Schr?dinger equations are exactly solvable for a number of deformed shape invariant potentials.