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Lecture notes in networks and systems

Review Cooperative NOMA System Enhancement by Using PLS

Jouana H. Hassan, Ibrahim Khalil Sileh

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-032-15784-3_31

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NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) has been recognized as new multiple access technology for wireless communication networks of the fifth generation and beyond, owing to its ability to improve spectral efficiency, support massive connectivity, and provide user fairness. However, it has been observed that the superposition-based transmission principle of NOMA is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, especially in an open wireless network where all wireless communications are inherently broadcast in nature. Hence, ensuring secure wireless communications for NOMA systems has now become an important area of research. This research aims to improve the secrecy level of wireless communications for NOMA systems by employing Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques. Specifically, two prominent PLS techniques, Artificial Noise (AN) and Cooperative Jamming (CJ), have been employed to provide security against passive eavesdropping attacks. The cooperative NOMA system architecture is considered, and the secrecy enhancement is analyzed for two possible scenarios when the eavesdropper is close to the relay node and when the eavesdropper is close to the base station. The secrecy performance of the proposed system is analyzed through various parameters, namely, Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), Secrecy Capacity (SC), Secrecy Rate (SR), and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE) in terms of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The numerical results for the secrecy metrics are obtained through MATLAB-based simulations, whereas the system-level model is developed using the Simulink platform to verify the suggested system's functionality in the presence of AN and CJ for the legitimate NOMA users and the eavesdropper. The results show that the secrecy performance is significantly enhanced with the introduction of AN and CJ, and the system shows robust performance in terms of energy efficiency. This paper provides significant insights into the design of the NOMA system from the secrecy perspective and validates the potential of PLS techniques for the design of the future wireless system.

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NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) has been recognized as new multiple access technology for wireless communication networks of the fifth generation and beyond, owing to its ability to improve spectral efficiency, support massive connectivity, and provide user fairness. However, it has been observed that the superposition-based transmission principle of NOMA is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks, especially in an open wireless network where all wireless communications are inherently broadcast in nature. Hence, ensuring secure wireless communications for NOMA systems has now become an important area of research. This research aims to improve the secrecy level of wireless communications for NOMA systems by employing Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques. Specifically, two prominent PLS techniques, Artificial Noise (AN) and Cooperative Jamming (CJ), have been employed to provide security against passive eavesdropping attacks. The cooperative NOMA system architecture is considered, and the secrecy enhancement is analyzed for two possible scenarios when the eavesdropper is close to the relay node and when the eavesdropper is close to the base station. The secrecy performance of the proposed system is analyzed through various parameters, namely, Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), Secrecy Capacity (SC), Secrecy Rate (SR), and Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE) in terms of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The numerical results for the secrecy metrics are obtained through MATLAB-based simulations, whereas the system-level model is developed using the Simulink platform to verify the suggested system's functionality in the presence of AN and CJ for the legitimate NOMA users and the eavesdropper. The results show that the secrecy performance is significantly enhanced with the introduction of AN and CJ, and the system shows robust performance in terms of energy efficiency. This paper provides significant insights into the design of the NOMA system from the secrecy perspective and validates the potential of PLS techniques for the design of the future wireless system.
In this paper we review the secrecy performance of cooperative non orthogonal multiple access networks at the BS for both a single-antenna and multiple-antenna for downlink and Uplink scenario. A preserved zone, also called as a wire tapper prohibition zone, is applied in all cases to improve the PLS. In the multiple-antenna aided situation, we also look at the generated noise at the BS to see if we can improve the secrecy performance even more. PLS is used to improve the secrecy performance of wireless communication systems while also increasing their bandwidth.
The massive connectivity requirement and security issues have become major factors restricting the further development of the Internet of Things. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can be combined with physical layer security (PLS) to achieve massive connectivity and secure transmission. This article investigates the PLS performance for a downlink communication system over Nakagami-m fading channels, with full-duplex (FD) cooperative NOMA transmission aided by artificial noise (AN). While direct communication is built between the base station and two NOMA users, the strong user is employed as an FD relay as well as the jammer to enhance the PLS of the legitimate transmission in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). Closed-form analytical expressions in terms of the outage probability of the legitimate users and the intercept probability of Eve are derived to evaluate the security–reliability trade-off (SRT) of the proposed scheme. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the veracity of the theoretic analyses and illustrate that the proposed scheme is superior in terms of SRT to the benchmark schemes in the low SNR region. Furthermore, the results reveal that the SRT performance of the two NOMA users can be enhanced through a proper AN-bearing ratio and power allocation optimization.