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ボーム理論の現代的形式とその世界観について

森川, 亮

Published Feb 15, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper the criticism to the Bohm's quantum theory has been discussed in the beginning. Then a formalism change of this theory from its original form to recent one is shown. The differences between the normal Copenhagen interpretation and that of Bohm's quantum theory are possible to be seen. Bohm's new idea and new terms such as implicate and explicate order, process, unfold and enfold are discussed to give an interpretation to the theory. This is also able to show that Bohm theory requests the radical change about our world-picture. Key words; Bohm theory, The implicate & explicate order, Quantum potential and Information.

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Abstract: In this paper the criticism to the Bohm's quantum theory has been discussed in the beginning. Then a formalism change of this theory from its original form to recent one is shown. The differences between the normal Copenhagen interpretation and that of Bohm's quantum theory are possible to be seen. Bohm's new idea and new terms such as implicate and explicate order, process, unfold and enfold are discussed to give an interpretation to the theory. This is also able to show that Bohm theory requests the radical change about our world-picture. Key words; Bohm theory, The implicate & explicate order, Quantum potential and Information.
My claim is that among the various attempts at giving a metaphysical representation of the physical world, Bohm’s holographic paradigm is powerfully explanatory and deserves consideration. The central notion of this paradigm is the order as intrinsically related to any scientific theory. In particular, the order characterizing this new paradigm finds its exemplification in the hologram. The hologram, indeed, reveals interesting features: first of all, when suitably illuminated, it shows a construction of two different levels of order, an implicate one and an explicate one, which, however, give rise to a general whole unbroken order; moreover, each part of the hologram contains the information of all the other parts revealing again an unbroken wholeness. I will disclose this new concept of order, following Bohm’s suggestion, both from a metaphysical and a mathematical perspective. In particular, I will show that the passage between one kind of order to the other is accomplished by a holomovement that consists of continuous unfoldment and enfoldment and that is well represented by the Green function and some algebraic transformations. Afterwards I will explain why this hologram paradigm is explanatory, especially dealing with the problem of nonlocality due to quantum entanglement and the quantum-classical divide. Finally I will claim that even though this view has been regarded as superficial and detached from reality, its explanatory power and its mathematical description should not be overlooked. My conclusion will therefore state that the order developed by Bohm could be considered a good start to create a new theory able to rightly address and solve the challenging problems of the quantum world.
A brief account of the world view of classical physics is given first. We then recapitulate as to why the Copenhagen interpretation of the quantum mechanics had to renounce most of the attractive features of the clasical world view such as a causal description, locality, scientific realism and introduce a fundamental distinction between system and apparatus. The crucial role is played in this by the Bohr's insistence on the wavefunction providing the most complete description possible for an even individual system. The alternative of introducing extra dynamical variables, called hidden variables, in addition to the wavefunction of the system so as to be able to retain at least some of the desirable features of classical physics, is then explored. The first such successful attempt was that of Bohm in 1952 who showed that a realistic interpretation of the quantum mechanics can be given which maintains a causal description as well as does not treat systems and measuring appeartus differently. We begin with the construction of the Bohm's theory. He introduces particle positions as the hidden variables. The particle positions play a special role in Bohm theory. The particle trajectories are guided by the wavefunction. The Bohm theory is deterministic. The probability enters through a special assumption, ``quantum equilibrium'' hypothesis, for the initial conditions on the ensemble of particle trajectories. The ``wave or particle'' dilemma is resolved by a ``wave and particle'' resolution. The measurements in Bohm theory can be described without mysticism. Bohm's theory is however nonlocal.
According to Bohm the whole scientific description of the Universe is governed by fragmentation of our perception of what reality is. Physics’ tendency of acknowledging the ultimate structure of matter in the elementary particles has caused a widespread fragmentary view of the Universe. Thus, Physics seems to be unable to conceive the “undivided wholeness of the universe” and to acknowledge in that Wholeness the common, single bed of the whole of reality. According to Bohm that single bed of nature, Implicate Order, is the single origin of both mind and matter. Inside the multidimensional Implicate Order, a universal enfoldment of everything prevails. The Implicate Order coheres deterministically to the Universe and the depths of its inwardness are totally unknown to us, since we humans are part of its wholeness too. Physics as a science provides us only with abstractive descriptions of the Universe, since science offers only abstractions from reality. These abstractive descriptions are what constitute the Explicate Order of the Universe. Thus, each belief we have that through the science of Physics we are able to arrive at an ultimate deciphering of the Universe is inherently illusive. The science of Physics can provide us with knowledge only in the fragmentary level of the Explicate, that means analyzable, Order of the Universe recognizing its cognitive limits in front of the Implicate Order. The laws that govern the Implicate Order of the Universe are unknowable and unanalyzable by man and in the depths of these laws Bohm insists that a final truth about reality cannot be fixed.
Abstract David Bohm’s notion of implicate order, while relatively well-known, is often said to be difficult to understand, and is almost completely absent in contemporary discussions in philosophy of quantum theory and relativity. Yet one can argue that it is a key part of Bohm’s and Basil Hiley’s research programme which anticipates currently fashionable topics, such as the idea of space-time as emergent. In this paper my aim is to briefly review the origin of Bohm’s focus on the notion of order, and the related notion that continuous space-time is an abstraction from a discrete structural process.
It is argued that in order to address the mind/matter relationship, we will have to radically change the conceptual structure normally assumed in physics. Rather than fields and/or particles-in-interaction described in the traditional Cartesian order based a local evolution in spacetime, we need to introduce a more general notion of process described by a non-commutative algebra. This will have radical implications for both for physical processes and for geometry. By showing how the Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics can be understood within a non-commutative structure, we can give a much clearer meaning to the implicate order introduced by Bohm. It is through this implicate order that mind and matter can be seen as different aspects of the same general process.
Abstract One of the more radical ideas to have emerged in recent metaphysics of quantum theory is wave function realism, according to which the fundamental spatial framework of the world is one of very many dimensions. At first sight this idea sounds similar to the notion of a multidimensional implicate order the physicist David Bohm proposed on the basis of quantum theory in the 1980s. This paper briefly considers Bohm’s various attempts to provide a realist interpretation of the wave function in order to clarify whether or not Bohm was anticipating and even endorsing wave function realism with his implicate order theory. The underlying question is what quantum theory — and non-locality in particular — is trying to tell us about the more fundamental nature of the physical world.