Microwave spectroscopy of a double quantum dot in the low- and high-power regime

Karl D. Petersson, Schroer, Louis W. McFaul +2 more

Andrew Schmidt, Edward Henry, Matthew Gregory House +11 more

N. J. Lambert, A. A. Esmail, Felix A. Pollock +3 more

The detection of single microwave photons remains a difficult challenge because of their low energy. The authors demonstrate that an aluminum superconducting double dot can be tuned to a regime in which a photon creating a single quasiparticle pair changes the quantum capacitance of the device. By using high-bandwidth reflectometry techniques, they observe the absorption of photons in real time. They also exploit the band structure of the device to tune the frequencies to which it is sensitive and use this to carry out spectroscopy on the ambient black-body radiation environment in their dilution refrigerator.

Fabian Oppliger, Wonjin Jang, Aldo Tarascio +6 more

High-efficiency single-photon detection in the microwave domain is a key enabling technology for various quantum applications. However, the extremely low energy of microwave photons presents a fundamental challenge, preventing direct photon-to-charge conversion as achieved in optical systems using semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate continuous microwave photon detection with an efficiency approaching 70% in the single-photon regime. We use a hybrid system comprising a gate-defined double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit in a gallium arsenide/aluminum gallium arsenide heterostructure, coupled to a high-impedance Josephson junction array cavity. We systematically optimize the hybrid architecture to maximize the detection efficiency by leveraging strong charge-photon coupling, tunable DQD tunnel rates, and the frequency tunability of both subsystems. The system efficiency is characterized over a frequency range of 3 to 5.2 gigahertz. Our results establish semiconductor-based cavity-quantum electrodynamics architectures as a scalable and versatile platform for efficient microwave photon detection, opening promising avenues for quantum microwave optics and quantum information technologies.

Andrew Schmidt, Edward Henry, Mathew House +11 more

Andreas J. Wallraff